UPSC Necessities | Each day subject-wise quiz : Worldwide Relations MCQs on BRICS, M23 rebels and extra (Week 96, 97 and 98) | UPSC Present Affairs Information

QUESTION 1

Just about the BRICS, take into account the next statements:

1. It was based in 2010 and South Africa was the founding member.

2. The BRICS Summit 2025 can be held in Russia.

3. Nigeria has been given “associate nation” standing, a designation launched on the 2024 summit.

How most of the statements given above are right?

(a) Just one

(b) Solely two

(c) All three

(d) None

Clarification

— Brazil has introduced that the following BRICS summit can be held in Rio de Janeiro on July 6 and seven. In response to a authorities assertion, the nation plans to concentrate on world governance reform and enhancing cooperation amongst International South nations because it leads the bloc of creating economies by means of 2025. Therefore, assertion 2 shouldn’t be right.

— Brazil, Russia, India, and China created BRICS in 2009, with South Africa becoming a member of the next 12 months. Therefore, assertion 1 shouldn’t be right.

— The alliance, which was initially based as a counterweight to the Group of Seven (G7) main international locations, expanded final 12 months to incorporate Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the United Arab Emirates. Saudi Arabia has additionally been invited, and Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Malaysia have submitted formal functions for membership.

— Indonesia lately grew to become one in all BRICS’ 11 official members, and Nigeria was granted “associate nation” standing, a title launched on the 2024 summit in Kazan. Therefore, assertion 3 is right.

Due to this fact, possibility (a) is the proper reply.

QUESTION 2

Just about the Worldwide Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), take into account the next statements:

1. It’s a world collaborative venture aimed toward constructing the world’s largest magnetic fusion gadget.

2. The venture, below improvement since 2005.

3. It’s situated in Norway.

Which of the statements given above are right?

(a) 1 and three solely

(b) 2 and three solely

(c) 1 and a pair of solely

(d) 1 2 and three

Clarification

— Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who was in France for an AI summit, toured the formidable Worldwide Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, or ITER, alongside French President Emmanuel Macron.

— In response to the ITER web site, ITER is a multinational collaborative effort that goals to create the world’s largest magnetic fusion gadget with a view to exhibit the feasibility of fusion as a large-scale, carbon-free supply of vitality. This operates on the identical mechanism that powers the solar and stars. Therefore, assertion 1 is right.

— In response to the ITER web site, dozens of engineers and scientists have labored on the ITER’s design because the concept for the worldwide collaborative experiment was first proposed in 1985. The venture has been below improvement since 2005 and is predicted to change into one of many world’s largest worldwide science establishments. Therefore, assertion 2 is right.

— The development of a 42-hectare property in southern France started in 2010. In March 2020, the ITER organisation took over the central Tokamak facility to start machine meeting. The development of the 1,250-tonne cryostat base in Could 2020 was the primary vital occasion on this new section. Therefore, assertion 3 shouldn’t be right.

— A tokamak is an experimental mechanism designed to regulate the vitality of fusion. Inside a tokamak, the vessel’s wall absorbs the vitality generated by atomic fusion. A fusion energy plant, like a daily energy plant, will use this warmth to generate steam, which is then transformed into electrical energy utilizing generators and turbines.

Due to this fact, possibility (c) is the proper reply.

QUESTION 3

Just about the Worldwide Prison Courtroom, take into account the next statements:

1. The court docket was established in 2002.

2. It will possibly prosecute crimes dedicated by nationals of member states or on the territory of member states by different actors.

3. All of the UN members are the member states of the court docket.

Which of the statements given above are right?

(a) 1 and a pair of solely

(b) 2 and three solely

(c) 1 and three solely

(d) 1, 2 and three

Clarification

— US President Donald Trump has authorised financial and journey sanctions focusing on individuals who work on Worldwide Prison Courtroom investigations of US residents or US allies equivalent to Israel.

— The court docket was established in 2002 to prosecute conflict crimes, crimes in opposition to humanity, genocide and the crime of aggression when member states are unwilling or unable to take action themselves. Therefore, assertion 1 is right.

— It has the authority to punish crimes dedicated by member state nationals or by different actors on their territory. Therefore, assertion 2 is right.

— It has 125 member nations. The court docket’s price range for 2025 is round 195 million euros ($202 million). Therefore, assertion 3 shouldn’t be right.

— In response to its web site, the ICC is endeavor investigations in Palestinian territories, Ukraine, African states equivalent to Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Kenya, Venezuela in Latin America, and Myanmar and the Philippines in Asia. It says there have been 32 instances earlier than the court docket, with some involving a number of suspects. ICC judges have issued at the very least 60 arrest warrants.

Due to this fact, possibility (a) is the proper reply.

QUESTION 4

M23 rebels had been lately within the information. They’re:

(a) the newest group of ethnic Tutsi-led insurgents to take up arms in opposition to Congolese forces.

(b) immigrants largely Germans and southern Europeans but in addition Lebanese.

(c) combination of Amerindian and European ancestry.

(d) a part of the most important inhabitants in Brazil and the Dominican Republic.

Clarification

— Rwandan-backed M23 rebels within the Democratic Republic of the Congo try to march south in the direction of Bukavu, the seat of South Kivu province, in an try to develop their dominance over the nation’s east after seizing Goma.

— The newest combating is a part of an enormous escalation in a decades-long conflict over energy, identification, and assets that has killed lots of of hundreds of individuals and displaced multiple million since its current rebirth.

— M23, named after the March 23, 2009, accord that ended a earlier Tutsi-led rebel in jap Congo, is the newest group of ethnic Tutsi-led militants to take up arms in opposition to Congolese troopers. It began the current rebel in 2022.

— The group has accused the Congolese authorities of failing to implement the peace settlement and correctly integrating Congolese Tutsis into the military and administration.

Due to this fact, possibility (a) is the proper reply.

QUESTION 5

The Chernobyl nuclear energy plant is situated in:

(a) Russia

(b) Japan

(c) Denmark

(d) Ukraine

Clarification

— Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy stated {that a} Russian drone struck the Chernobyl nuclear energy plant’s containment construction, sparking new considerations concerning the conflict’s potential for disastrous penalties.

— The Chernobyl Nuclear Energy Plant (ChNPP) is at present being decommissioned. It’s located close to the deserted metropolis of Pripyat in northern Ukraine.

— The drone struck the protecting shelter of Reactor 4, which was wrecked within the historic 1986 tragedy. Although radiation ranges stayed under regular limits, preliminary evaluations present appreciable injury to the bunker, and a fireplace was extinguished shortly thereafter. The Worldwide Atomic Vitality Company (IAEA) confirmed the prevalence, citing an explosion close to the New Protected Confinement, which holds the reactor’s radioactive leftovers.

— The Chernobyl website heard an explosion from the New Protected Confinement, which protects the remnants of the previous Chernobyl NPP’s reactor 4, leading to a fireplace.

Due to this fact, possibility (d) is the proper reply.

QUESTION 6

Take into account the next international locations:

1. Italy

2. Japan

3. Nigeria

4. South Korea

5. South Africa

Which of the above international locations are ceaselessly talked about within the media for his or her low delivery charges, or ageing inhabitants or declining inhabitants? (UPSC 2024)

(a) 1, 2 and 4

(b) 1, 3 and 5

(c) 2 and 4 solely

(d) 3 and 5 solely

Clarification

— In response to the 2023 analysis, whereas numbers will proceed to develop for a number of a long time, the present predictions present that the speed of worldwide inhabitants development has slowed to lower than 1% since 2020.

— That is partly as a result of declining fertility; round two-thirds of individuals stay in a rustic or territory with a complete fertility charge of two.1 youngsters per lady (also called “substitute fertility” or “zero-growth fertility”). In 1950, the world fertility charge was at 5.

— Many international locations, together with Japan and South Korea, are experiencing demographic declines. A diminishing fertility charge, with fewer girls having youngsters, is accompanied by an aged inhabitants that’s not employed.

— For the previous decade, Europe’s fertility charge has been comparatively steady round 1.5 births per lady. The scarcity of infants is most acute in Italy, the place births fell to a historic low in 2023, marking the fifteenth straight yearly discount.

Due to this fact, possibility (a) is the proper reply.

QUESTION 7

Which of the next international locations have adopted new decarbonisation targets aiming to scale back greenhouse fuel emissions by greater than 70 per cent from 2013 ranges over the following 15 years?

(a) Japan

(b) France

(c) Iceland

(d) Norway

Clarification

— Japan’s authorities set new decarbonisation targets aimed toward decreasing greenhouse fuel emissions by greater than 70% from 2013 ranges over the following 15 years, and permitted a brand new vitality technique to assist accomplish the aim.

— That is a part of a brand new local weather plan that goals to assist the nation change into carbon impartial by 2050.

— Japan’s new local weather plan, authorised by the Cupboard, intends to scale back carbon emissions by 60% from 2013 ranges and 73% by 2040. Japan has already set a 46% discount goal for 2030.

— The targets are known as a Nationally Decided Contribution, or NDC, below the Paris Settlement and can be offered to the United Nations.

Due to this fact, possibility (a) is the proper reply.

QUESTION 8

Take into account the next pairs:

How most of the pairs given above are accurately matched? (UPSC 2024)

(a) Just one pair

(b) Solely two pairs

(c) All three pairs

(d) Not one of the pairs

Clarification

— NATO is a Western safety alliance based on April 4, 1949, with 12 founding members – Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the UK and america.

— Aside from the unique 12, members embody Greece and Turkey (1952); West Germany (1955; later as Germany); Spain (1982); the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland (1999); Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia (2004); Albania and Croatia (2009); Montenegro (2017); North Macedonia (2020); Finland (2023); and Sweden (2024).

Due to this fact, possibility (b) is the proper reply.

QUESTION 9

Assertion-I: The European Parliament permitted The Internet-Zero Business Act lately.

Assertion-II: The European Union intends to attain carbon neutrality by 2040 and subsequently goals to develop all of its personal clear expertise by that point.

Which one of many following is right in respect of the above statements? (UPSC 2024)

(a) Each Assertion-I and Assertion-II are right and Assertion-I Assertion-II explains

(b) Each Assertion-I and Assertion-II are right, however Assertion-II doesn’t clarify Assertion-I

(c) Assertion-I is right, however Assertion-II is inaccurate

(d) Assertion-I is inaccurate, however Assertion-II is right

Clarification

— The European Union’s governments have formally permitted a brand new rule that may make sure the EU produces 40% of its photo voltaic panels, wind generators, warmth pumps, and different clear tech tools, in addition to help European business compete with US and Chinese language rivals.

— The Internet Zero Business Act (NZIA) will take impact subsequent month or early July after being signed by the presidents of the European Parliament and Council and revealed within the EU’s official journal. Therefore, assertion 1 is right.

— The laws is a cornerstone of the EU’s efforts to change into not only a world chief in decreasing greenhouse fuel emissions, but in addition in manufacturing the mandatory expertise.

— The union has set a 2030 intention of producing 40% of the gadgets required to minimise greenhouse fuel emissions. The EU additionally goals to account for 15% of worldwide manufacturing of those applied sciences by 2040.

— The EU intends to be climate-neutral by 2050, which suggests having no internet greenhouse fuel emissions. Therefore, assertion 2 shouldn’t be right.

Due to this fact, possibility (c) is the proper reply.

(Different Supply: local weather.ec.europa.eu)

QUESTION 10

Galwan Valley, Depsang and Demchok are the disputed areas between:

(a) India-China

(b) India-Bangladesh

(c) India-Pakistan

(d) India-Nepal

Clarification

— Chinese language International Minister Wang Yi has expressed readiness to hitch palms with India’s Nationwide Safety Advisor Ajit Doval to “correctly deal with” points associated to the scenario on the bottom within the border areas, amid the protracted border row in jap Ladakh.

— It was the primary high-level assembly between Indian and Chinese language officers since Prime Minister Narendra Modi shaped his 3.0 cupboard following India’s current parliamentary elections.

— In response to the Chinese language army, the 2 sides to date agreed to disengage from 4 factors, specifically the Galwan Valley, the Pangong Lake, Scorching Springs, and Jianan Daban (Gogra) in jap Ladakh.

— India is pressuring the Folks’s Liberation Military (PLA) to withdraw from the Depsang and Demchok areas, arguing that normalcy in its ties with China can’t be restored whereas the border scenario stays anomalous.

Due to this fact, possibility (a) is the proper reply.

QUESTION 11

Not too long ago, Argentina’s President Javier Milei was within the information for his alleged promotion of which cryptocurrency?

(a) Bitcoin 

(b) Ethereum 

(c) $LIBRA

(d) Dogecoin 

Clarification

Argentina’s Memecoin scandal

Argentina’s libertarian President Javier Milei has been rocked by a scandal involving his promotion of the cryptocurrency $LIBRA. The coin’s worth surged briefly earlier than collapsing, and amid accusations of a “rug pull” scheme, Milei described the debacle as a “slap within the face.” He famous, “I’m a techno-optimist… and this was proposed to me as an instrument to assist fund Argentine initiatives,” including that “it’s true that in making an attempt to assist out these Argentines, I took a slap within the face.” His workplace later clarified that though the president had met with representatives concerned in creating the coin, he “was not concerned at any level” in its improvement, and admitted that “essentially the most fascinating lesson is that… I must put up extra filters, it may well’t be really easy for folks to succeed in me.”

Due to this fact, possibility (c) is the proper reply.

QUESTION 12

Match the next historic place names with their trendy counterparts:

Which of the next is the proper match?

(a) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

(b) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4

(c) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4

(d) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

Clarification

The research of renaming traditionally vital locations has taken on extra momentum following US President Donald Trump’s choice to rename the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of America. Whereas the nation’s leaders have largely dismissed this suggestion, the identify has been modified on the US model of Google Maps.

Whereas the tempo could have accelerated, the intuition to rename locations shouldn’t be new. Paris was as soon as Lutetia, a holdover from Roman occasions. Earlier than 1665, New York was New Amsterdam. Toronto, for a time, was merely York. Tokyo was as soon as Edo. And, in what is probably historical past’s most well-known renaming, Constantinople grew to become Istanbul in 1930, a declaration of Turkish satisfaction that continues to be immortalised in track. Names shift with politics, with conquest, with identification. Every change marks a second in time, an assertion of energy, or a reckoning with historical past.

Due to this fact, possibility (a) is the proper reply.

QUESTION 13

It’s a synthetic waterway that connects the Caribbean Sea with the Pacific Ocean. The nation related to this waterway has lately determined to not renew the Memorandum of Understanding on the Belt and Street Initiative (BRI). Establish the topic of the statements.

(a) Danube-Black Sea Canal

(b) Houston Ship Canal

(c) Suez Canal

(d) Panama Canal

Clarification

China’s Assistant International Minister Zhao Zhiyuan on February 7 summoned Panama’s Ambassador to China to lodge “solemn representations” over its choice to not renew the Memorandum of Understanding on the Belt and Street Initiative (BRI).

Due to this fact, possibility (d) is the proper reply.

QUESTION 14

Just about the Bay of Bengal Programme Inter-Governmental Organisation, take into account the next statements:

1. It’s a distinctive regional ports and transport physique.

2. It advanced from the erstwhile Bay of Bengal Programme of the UN Commerce and Improvement (UNCTAD).

Which of the above given statements is/are right?

(a) 1 solely

(b) 2 solely

(c) Each 1 and a pair of

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Clarification

1. It’s a distinctive regional fisheries physique.

2. It advanced from the erstwhile Bay of Bengal Programme of the Meals and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) of the UN.

Not too long ago, India assumed Chairmanship of Bay of Bengal (BOB) Inter-Governmental Organisation from Bangladesh.

(Supply: bobpigo.org)

Due to this fact, possibility (d) is the proper reply.

QUESTION 15

‘Rural Group Immigration Class’ was lately seen in information. This scheme belongs to:

(a) United States of America

(b) Canada

(c) United Kingdom

(d) Australia

Clarification

— Over the previous 12 months, modifications in immigration and research visa guidelines have made it more durable to safe Everlasting Residency (PR) in Canada. PR stays the first aim for almost all of scholars from India, notably these from Punjab.

— Not too long ago, Canada introduced that the Submit-Graduate Work Permits (PGWPs) of practically 7.66 lakh worldwide college students are set to run out by the tip of subsequent 12 months. Many concern they must go away the nation if they will’t safe PR earlier than their permits expire. Nevertheless, Canada has launched a brand new programme that gives contemporary alternatives for such college students to settle within the nation.

Earlier Each day Topic-Smart-Quiz

Each day Topic-wise quiz — Historical past, Tradition, and Social Points (Week 98)

Each day subject-wise quiz — Polity and Governance (Week 98)

Each day subject-wise quiz —  Science and Know-how (Week 96, 97 and 98)

Each day subject-wise quiz — Financial system (Week 96, 97 and 98)

Each day subject-wise quiz — Surroundings and Geography (Week 96, 97 and 98)

Each day subject-wise quiz – Worldwide Relations (Week 95)

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