Mains Examination: Common Research-II: Authorities insurance policies and interventions for growth in numerous sectors and points arising out of their design and implementation
What’s the continuing story: Information localisation, a bugbear for Large Tech, that was faraway from the Information Safety Act, 2023, Friday made a comeback below the draft guidelines launched Friday. The draft guidelines come greater than a yr after the Digital Private Information Safety Act obtained the President’s assent in August 2023.
Key Factors to Ponder:
• What’s knowledge localisation?
• What are the problems related to knowledge localisation?
• Why was it faraway from the Information Safety Act, 2023?
• How are knowledge fiduciaries decided?
• What are the legal guidelines associated to knowledge governance in India?
• What’s the subject of the Proper to privateness below the Information Safety Act?
• What measures ought to be taken to make sure knowledge privateness and cyber safety?
• What knowledge safety legal guidelines are applied in different international locations?
Key Takeaways:
• Information localisation pertains to measures that lead to limiting knowledge stream inside a jurisdiction’s boundaries.
• The draft Digital Private Information Safety Guidelines, 2025, suggest that the Central Authorities will specify the sort of private knowledge which will be processed by “vital knowledge fiduciaries” topic to the restriction that such private knowledge and visitors knowledge associated to its stream isn’t transferred exterior the territory of India. A committee, to be shaped by the federal government, will decide such knowledge.
• Whereas knowledge fiduciaries are firms and entities which acquire and course of private knowledge, “vital knowledge fiduciaries” will probably be decided on the premise of the amount and sensitivity of non-public knowledge they course of, and the dangers they may have on sovereignty and integrity of India, electoral democracy, safety, and public order. All main tech firms together with Meta, Google, Apple, Microsoft, and Amazon are anticipated to be categorised as vital knowledge fiduciaries.
• The draft guidelines have additionally proposed sure safeguards for residents when their knowledge is being processed by the Central authorities and its businesses, suggesting that such processing ought to occur in a “lawful” method.
• The Information Safety Act had come below scrutiny for granting wide-ranging exemptions to the federal government or its businesses whereas processing residents’ private knowledge on grounds of ‘nationwide safety’, ‘pleasant relations with different states’, and ‘public order’, amongst different issues.
• Below the Information Safety Act cleared in August 2023, the federal government had mentioned it might merely notify the territories the place private knowledge of Indians can’t be taken to. This was seen as an enormous win following immaculate lobbying efforts by the tech firms towards a provision in an older model of the draft legislation which mandated strict localisation mandates.
• Below the info safety Invoice, first launched in 2019, and later withdrawn from Parliament in 2022, firms had been required to retailer a duplicate of sure delicate private knowledge – like well being and monetary knowledge – inside India and the export of undefined “vital” private knowledge from the nation was prohibited. With the recent draft guidelines, these localisation necessities have made a re-entry.
• The draft guidelines additionally enable tech firms to implement a mechanism for amassing “verifiable” parental consent earlier than processing private knowledge of youngsters. Successfully, the federal government has kept away from proposing a mechanism from its facet, and has left it to the businesses to undertake a system of their alternative, after social media firms complained that it may very well be a troublesome provision to implement.
• Within the occasion of a knowledge breach, knowledge fiduciaries must intimate impacted people “at once” an outline of the breach, together with its nature, extent and the timing and placement of its prevalence; the results related to the impacted consumer, which can be more likely to come up from the breach; and the measures applied and being applied to mitigate threat amongst different issues.
Do You Know:
• At current, India lacks a complete laws particularly addressing the difficulty of information safety. The regulation of non-public knowledge utilization falls below the purview of the Info Know-how (IT) Act of 2000. The insufficiency of this framework in safeguarding private knowledge has been duly famous.
• Within the yr 2017, the central authorities established a Committee of Specialists on Information Safety, which was led by Justice B. N. Srikrishna. The first goal of this committee was to analyze and analyse issues pertaining to knowledge safety inside the nation. The report was submitted by the Committee in July 2018.
• On August 9, 2023, the Rajya Sabha “unanimously” handed the Digital Private Information Safety Invoice (DPDP), 2023 and drew the curtains on a journey that started roughly a decade in the past. Within the course of, it has predictably provoked combined reactions.
• One of many overarching targets of the laws, by the federal government’s personal admission, is to strike a steadiness between defending private knowledge and enabling the processing of such knowledge for lawful functions, in order to allow innovation and promote financial progress. In doing so, the federal government has largely exempted itself from the purview of the legislation, in letter and spirit.
• The Act declares that for the “safety of the state, upkeep of public order or stopping incitement to any cognisable offence referring to any of those, and the processing by the central authorities of any private knowledge that such instrumentality could furnish to it”, the state falls exterior its scope.
Different Necessary Articles Overlaying the identical subject:
📍The 360° UPSC Debate : Will Digital Private Information Safety Invoice violate privateness of residents?
📍Digital Private Information Safety Act: The speedbumps forward
Earlier yr UPSC Prelims Query Overlaying related theme:
(1) ‘Proper to Privateness’ is protected below which Article of the Structure of India? (UPSC CSE 2021)
(a) Article 15
(b) Article 19
(c) Article 21
(d) Article 29
GOVT & POLITICS
Maldives a concrete expression of India’s neighbourhood first coverage: Jaishankar
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide and worldwide significance
Mains Examination: Common Research-II: India and its neighbourhood- relations
What’s the continuing story: Calling the Maldives a “very concrete expression” of India’s neighbourhood first coverage, Exterior Affairs Minister S Jaishankar Friday mentioned the 2 international locations have finalised a framework to advertise the usage of native currencies for cross-border commerce and signed a pact on high-impact group growth tasks.
Key Factors to Ponder:
• Learn in regards to the historic ties between India and Maldives
• What’s the strategic significance of Maldives?
• What are the areas of cooperation and battle between India and Maldives?
• How the approaching of Muizzu to energy has impacted the India-Maldives dynamics?
• What’s the position of China within the India-Maldives relationship?
• What’s the Neighbourhood First coverage?
• What steps have to be taken to strengthen the cooperation between the 2 nations?
Key Takeaways:
• Jaishankar’s announcement got here as he met the visiting International Minister of Maldives, Abdulla Khaleel, who arrived in Delhi Thursday on a three-day go to to discover methods to bolster ties in key areas together with maritime safety, commerce and funding.
• Khaleel’s go to comes as the 2 international locations work to stem a slide in ties since President Mohamed Muizzu got here to energy on an anti-India election plank final yr and subsequently ordered the exit of Indian navy personnel from the island nation.
• Throughout Muizzu’s go to, the 2 international locations agreed to rework their ties to a “Complete Financial and Maritime Safety Partnership” and in addition signed key pacts in addition to agreeing to launch negotiations for a Free Commerce Settlement.
Do You Know:
• Maldives’ proximity to the west coast of India (barely 70 nautical miles from Minicoy and 300 nautical miles from India’s West coast), and its location on the hub of business sea-lanes operating by means of the Indian Ocean (significantly the 8° N and 1 ½° N channels) imbues it with vital strategic significance to India.
• Maldives is likely one of the key parts in India’s maritime safety calculus. The safety situation in India’s periphery within the Indian Ocean could be very a lot linked to the maritime energy of Maldives. That is the rationale why India invests on Maldives’ safety by coaching its defence forces.
• Estimates recommend that nearly 70 per cent of Maldives’ defence coaching is completed by India — both on the islands or in India’s elite navy academies. India has educated over 1,500 Maldivian Nationwide Defence Pressure (MNDF) personnel prior to now 10 years.
• The Indian Navy has given plane and choppers to the Maldivian defence forces for aerial surveillance, and have educated their personnel on land vertically within the islands. India additionally needs to arrange a coastal radar system in Maldives, with a view to keep watch over the actions within the Indian Ocean.
Different Necessary Articles Overlaying the identical subject:
📍Maldives, India, China: historical past shapes the current
📍India-Maldives ties: Amid row, why the 2 international locations want one another and what’s at stake
Earlier yr UPSC Mains Query Overlaying related theme:
Talk about the geopolitical and geostrategic significance of Maldives for India with a concentrate on world commerce and/power flows. Additional additionally focus on how this relationship impacts India’s maritime safety and regional stability amidst worldwide competitors? (UPSC CSE 2024)
EXPLAINED
Tsangpo dam, India’s choices
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide and worldwide significance
Mains Examination: Common Research-III: Conservation, environmental air pollution and degradation, environmental affect evaluation.
What’s the continuing story: On December 25, China accepted the development of the world’s largest hydropower challenge on the Yarlung Tsangpo (or Zangbo) river in Tibet. On completion, the 60,000 MW challenge could have the capability to supply thrice the quantity of electrical energy because the world’s largest hydro challenge, the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze in central China.
Key Factors to Ponder:
• Learn in regards to the origin and stream of Yarlung Tsangpo (or Zangbo) river
• What’s the significance of this dam for India?
• Why has India expressed issues with this dam?
• What are decrease riparian states?
• What’s the significance of the Setting Impression Evaluation?
• How will this dam assist China to realize internet carbon neutrality by 2060?
Key Takeaways:
• From Tibet, the Yarlung Tsangpo enters Arunachal Pradesh, the place it is called the Siang. In Assam, it’s joined by tributaries corresponding to Dibang and Lohit, and is known as the Brahmaputra. The river then enters Bangladesh, and makes its approach to the Bay of Bengal.
• On Friday, Ministry of Exterior Affairs spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal mentioned: “…As a decrease riparian state with established consumer rights to the waters of the river, we have now constantly expressed…our views and issues to the Chinese language facet over mega tasks on rivers of their territory…”
• Y Nithiyanandam mentioned the placement of the dam is talked about in China’s 14th 5-12 months Plan (2021-2025) — on the “Nice Bend”, the place the Yarlung Tsangpo makes a U-turn in Medog county earlier than getting into Arunachal Pradesh.
• Current developments together with the allocation of funds, growth of smaller dams alongside the river channel, and adjustments in land use in upstream areas, point out the challenge is in a complicated strategy planning stage, and visual development progress is more likely to observe quickly, Dr Nithiyanandam mentioned.
• China has mentioned the dam will assist it transfer away from standard power sources and obtain internet carbon neutrality by 2060. The Yarlung Tsangpo is right for hydroelectricity era — its steep descent from excessive mountains ensures a “exceptional stream price”, Dr Nithiyanandam mentioned.
• The dam (or dams) may affect the stream of water from China to India, the decrease riparian state, Kantha mentioned. The majority of the water within the Brahmaputra system comes from Tibet.
• This area is among the many world’s most ecologically fragile and earthquake-prone. Kantha recalled {that a} landslide in 2004 had created the glacial Parechu Lake within the Tibetan Himalayas close to Himachal Pradesh. After the Chinese language alerted India, the extent of the lake was monitored every day. The lake burst in June 2005 and despatched a big quantity of water down the Sutlej, however well timed coordination and planning helped restrict the injury.
• At any time when India has raised issues about such tasks, the usual Chinese language response has been that these are primarily run-of-the-river tasks — which means they didn’t contain main impounding of water, Kantha mentioned.
• He mentioned that India should “problem” Chinese language statements such because the current “utterly flawed” declare by the international workplace spokesperson that the Tsangpo mega dam wouldn’t have adverse impacts downstream.
Do You Know:
• Days after Beijing cleared the development of the world’s largest dam on the Brahmaputra river in Tibet near the Indian border, elevating issues in decrease riparian states India and Bangladesh, Delhi mentioned Friday it has conveyed its issues to the Chinese language facet over the mega hydel challenge.
• India has urged China to make sure that the pursuits of downstream states of the Brahmaputra are “not harmed by actions in upstream areas”.
• Delhi has additionally lodged a protest with Beijing by means of diplomatic channels over China’s institution of two new counties in its Hotan Prefecture since elements of jurisdiction of those counties fall within the Union Territory of Ladakh, within the Aksai Chin space.
Different Necessary Articles Overlaying the identical subject:
📍India-China border dispute: Past the hype, the truth of the LAC
Earlier yr UPSC Prelims Query Overlaying related theme:
(2) Siachen Glacier is located to the (UPSC CSE 2020)
(a) East of Aksai Chin
(b) East of Leh
(c) North of Gilgit
(d) North of Nubra Valley
Earlier yr UPSC Mains Query Overlaying related theme:
The China Pakistan Financial Hall (CPEC) is seen as a cardinal subset of China’s bigger ‘One Belt One Highway’ initiative. Give a short description of CPEC and enumerate the explanation why India has distanced itself from the identical. (UPSC CSE 2018)
Learn how to tranquilise — and seize — a tiger within the wild
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide and worldwide significance
Mains Examination: Common Research-III: Conservation, environmental air pollution and degradation, environmental affect evaluation, and Catastrophe and catastrophe administration.
What’s the continuing story: After three weeks on the go and a number of failed makes an attempt at darting, three-year-old ‘runaway’ tigress Zeenat was lastly sedated and captured final Sunday from a forest in West Bengal’s Bankura. The tigress was then taken again to Odisha’s Simlipal tiger reserve, the place it had been moved from Maharashtra’s Tadoba-Andhari tiger reserve final month.
Key Factors to Ponder:
• How are animals sedated?
• What are the battle between animal and human?
• What efforts have been taken to keep away from animal-human battle?
• What are the federal government measures to mitigate animal-human battle?
• Is it handled as a catastrophe?
Key Takeaways:
• Given the magnitude of the problem, Zeenat’s profitable sedation got here as a massive aid to the joint staff of Bengal and Odisha forest departments. Although the artwork and science of tranquilising have advanced over a century, injecting a drug right into a free-ranging wild animal utilizing a distant supply mechanism stays a fragile process.
• Till the early twentieth century when a “code of catching” was developed, industrial animal catchers both chased and lassoed herbivores or used numerous sorts of traps and pitfalls.
• In 1896, the British Military adopted what was referred to as Dum-dum bullets, named after the Dum Dum gun manufacturing unit close to Calcutta, the place they had been first manufactured.
• After the Hague Peace Conference banned Dum-dum bullets in 1899, ethical debates on the prevention of ache led to experiments corresponding to ‘narcotic bullets’ (1912) which carried a small dose of morphine to kill ‘painlessly’.
• From there, the seemingly counter-intuitive leap to “shoot animals alive as a substitute of lifeless” took one other decade and a half, when American naturalist Captain Barnett Harris arrived in South Africa in 1928 with “mercy bullets” — a hypodermic needle full of chemical substances at its base.
• It’s speculated that Harris’s bullet was lined with curare — a neuromuscular blocker derived from tree bark, and used on blow-dart suggestions by South American tribes to paralyse and catch animals. In 1929, he used “mercy bullets” to seize one rhino alive however killed two others within the course of
• In 1956, the breakthrough that lifted Harris’s rudimentary design to the realm of practicality was the invention of disposable plastic syringes by Colin Murdoch, a New Zealand pharmacist and veterinarian.
• A contemporary-day tranquiliser gun propels the dart — a ballistic syringe full of drug and tipped with a hypodermic needle — utilizing compressed CO2 fuel. A tuft of feather as a tailpiece stabilises the dart in flight.
• By the mid-Nineteen Sixties, Murdoch’s dart gun was recognised as essentially the most acceptable and environment friendly technique of capturing wild animals.
• Round that point, British veterinary scientist Dr Antonie Harthoorn and South African conservationist Ian Participant developed M99 or etorphine, an opioid stronger than morphine, and nonetheless used broadly to immobilise elephants and different giant mammals.
• Earlier than this invention, wild animals had been immobilised utilizing neuromuscular blockers or paralytic medicine. Paralytic medicine have a really low security threshold and excessive mortality price as dosage errors of even 10% can result in no impact (under-dosing) or demise (overdosing).
• Trendy alpha-adrenergic tranquilisers, corresponding to Xylazine, are robust sedatives which will be utterly reversed with antidotes. By themselves, these medicine can closely sedate animals, significantly ungulates, however exterior stimulation can disrupt such spells, risking sudden assaults.
• The mixture is doubly helpful as a result of, by itself, Ketamine tends to set off tough inductions and recoveries. Nevertheless, the growing misuse of each Xylazine (as Tranq) and Ketamine (as a date-rape drug) has restricted the supply and utilization of this extremely popular mixture for wildlife sedation.
• Having a primed dart gun and the appropriate medicine at hand can’t itself guarantee a profitable sedation. To ship the distant injection, the goal animal needs to be traced and tracked to an acceptable location.
• The following problem is to evaluate the appropriate dose — an element of the goal animal’s weight. Telling the burden of a tiger or an elephant, inside a slender band of error, simply by trying on the animal from a distance takes lots of expertise.
• As soon as sedated, the protocol is pretty easy. The animal’s eyes are lined to scale back stimulants and fixed effort, like fanning or making use of moist cloths, is made to maintain its physique temperature below management.
Different Necessary Articles Overlaying the identical subject:
📍How we will keep away from human-animal conflicts
EDITORIAL
A win-win for the atmosphere
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide and worldwide significance
Mains Examination: Common Research-II: Authorities insurance policies and interventions for growth in numerous sectors and points arising out of their design and implementation
Common Research-III: Conservation, environmental air pollution and degradation, environmental affect evaluation.
What’s the continuing story: Gufran Beig writes: Delhi, which faces perennial air pollution issues, can reap vital financial, social, and environmental advantages by changing all autos into electrical autos (EVs). Research present that a rise in PM 2.5 emissions results in untimely deaths and excessive financial prices.
Key Factors to Ponder:
• What are the key causes of air pollution in Delhi?
• How far stubble burning is accountable for Delhi’s air pollution?
• What’s the position of vehicular emissions in air air pollution?
• What are the key constituents of air air pollution?
• What are the secondary PM emitters?
• What are the challenges within the transition to digital autos?
• What are the initiatives taken by the federal government to advertise EVs?
Key Takeaways:
• Our current examine, ‘Emissions of Particulate Issues and Impression of EV Transition and Healthcare Advantages in Delhi’, estimates that the transport sector accounts for 48.37 Gg of PM2.5 yearly. Automobiles, comprising 32.44 per cent of the fleet, have a 25.54 per cent share of complete emissions.
• Business autos make up simply 2.56 per cent of the whole fleet however they’re accountable for almost 39 per cent of complete transport emissions. Two-wheelers dominate the fleet — 61.84 per cent — however their emission share is comparatively low.
• Delhi adopted CNG autos greater than 20 years in the past, which yielded vital advantages. These autos, nonetheless, emit NOx and add to ozone air pollution. They’re additionally secondary PM emitters below sure meteorological circumstances.
• Having recognized the transport sector as the only largest polluter, we explored options to fossil fuel-driven autos.
• By reaching full EV adoption, Delhi can scale back its PM 2.5 focus by almost 40 per cent. Mortality-related prices will fall by 25.7 per cent discount, there will probably be a 2.54 per cent lower in financial prices imposed by pollution-related illnesses and a greater than 25 per cent fall in per capita healthcare prices.
• A modelling examine carried out in Delhi confirmed {that a} 20 per cent discount in PM 2.5 emissions brought about an equal of 20 per cent discount in ambient PM 2.5 focus. Our examine exhibits {that a} full transition to EVs in Delhi can result in financial savings of Rs 11,000 crore.
• Nevertheless, there are critical challenges in an entire transition to EVs. The prices of EV autos are excessive, charging stations are few, charging speeds low. Lithium-ion and different chemical substances should be imported and there are issues in regards to the environmental affect of battery manufacturing. Shopper consciousness can be low.
• A shift to EVs can considerably scale back the disability-adjusted life years — by way of mortality and morbidity — and decrease per capita improve in healthcare spending. The shift can even tackle local weather issues. It’s, due to this fact, a win-win proposition for the atmosphere.
Do You Know:
• As poisonous air continues to choke Indian cities yr after yr, researchers on the Vitality Coverage Institute on the College of Chicago (EPIC) have discovered promising proof that market-based options like emissions-trading schemes will help industries slash air pollution with out hampering financial progress.
• An emissions-trading scheme works by setting a cap on complete emissions and permits firms to purchase and promote emission permits. This creates a monetary incentive for companies to chop emissions in cost-effective methods, both by upgrading tools, switching to cleaner fuels, or investing in progressive low-carbon applied sciences.
• PM10 and PM2.5 pollution are extraordinarily effective particulate matter (PM) particles, with the digits accompanying them referring to their diameter. So, PM 10 and PM 2.5 are smaller than 10 and a couple of.5 microns of their diameter, respectively. The finer the particles are, the harder it will get to guard oneself from them.
• Because of their measurement, the PM 2.5 particles can simply bypass the nostril and throat and may enter the circulatory system. The particles may result in persistent illnesses corresponding to bronchial asthma, coronary heart assault, bronchitis, and different respiratory issues. Byproducts of emissions from factories, vehicular air pollution, development actions, and street mud, such particles usually are not dispersed and keep suspended within the air that we breathe.
Different Necessary Articles Overlaying the identical subject:
📍Information Nugget of the day: Graded Response Motion Plan (GRAP)
📍Air pollution markets can energy financial progress and enhance environmental high quality
Earlier yr UPSC Prelims Query Overlaying related theme:
(3) Within the context of WHO Air High quality Pointers, think about the next statements: (UPSC CSE 2022)
1. The 24-hour imply of shouldn’t exceed and annual imply of shouldn’t exceed
2. In a yr, the best ranges of ozone air pollution happen throughout the intervals of inclement climate.
3. PM10 can penetrate the lung barrier and enter the bloodstream.
4. Extreme ozone within the air can set off bronchial asthma.
Which of the statements, given above are appropriate?
(a) 1, 3 and 4 solely
(b) 1 and 4 solely
(c) 2, 3 and 4 solely
(d) 1 and a couple of solely
CITIES: DELHI
‘By no means imagined we’d ever get a home like this’: JJ clusters have a good time as PM Modi inaugurates flats in Northwest Delhi
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide and worldwide significance
Mains Examination: Common Research-II: Authorities insurance policies and interventions for growth in numerous sectors and points arising out of their design and implementation
What’s the continuing story: On the mega occasion in Ashok Vihar District Park, Modi inaugurated key infrastructure tasks, together with the 1,675 flats for residents of JJ clusters. These flats are a part of the Delhi Growth Authority’s ‘In-Situ Slum Rehabilitation Challenge’, below which it seeks to assemble residences close to slums to relocate residents of jhuggi jhopdi clusters.
Key Factors to Ponder:
• What’s the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana City (PMAY-U)?
• What are the targets and parts of the PMAY-U?
• What’s the in-situ slum redevelopment?
• What are the federal government initiatives to handle slums?
• What are the problems associated to the slum redevelopment?
Key Takeaways:
• The Swabhiman House complicated has a complete of 1,675 two-bedroom flats for Economically Weaker Part (EWS) residents. Every flat consists of two bedrooms, a kitchen, a balcony, a rest room, and a toilet.
• “For each Rs 25 lakh spent on development of a flat by the federal government, eligible beneficiaries pay lower than 7% of the whole quantity, comprising Rs 1.42 lakh as a nominal contribution and Rs 30,000 for 5 years of upkeep,” an announcement issued by the Prime Minister’s workplace mentioned.
• Unfold over 1.67 hectares, the challenge was accomplished at Rs 421 crore. That is the second such challenge inaugurated by Modi — the primary being the launch of three,000 flats at Kalkaji Extension in 2022.
Do You Know:
• The 2015 Delhi slum rehabilitation and relocation coverage states that any registered shelter ought to solely be demolished after following the ideas of rehabilitation and relocation. The coverage additionally states that relocation ought to happen inside a radius of 5 km and solely when in-situ rehabilitation isn’t doable, he identified.
Different Necessary Articles Overlaying the identical subject:
📍Nowhere to go, say slum dwellers a day after bulldozers raze shanties in Okhla slum
Earlier yr UPSC Mains Query Overlaying related theme:
Talk about the varied social issues which originated out of the speedy means of urbanization in India. (UPSC CSE 2013)
EXPRESS NETWORK
Single-teachers faculties in nation down; these with zero enrolment up
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide and worldwide significance
Mains Examination: Common Research-II: Authorities insurance policies and interventions for growth in numerous sectors and points arising out of their design and implementation.
What’s the continuing story: The variety of single-teacher faculties within the nation has fallen by round 7000 in 2023-24 in comparison with the earlier yr, knowledge from the most recent Unified District Info System for Training Plus (UDISE+) report exhibits. Whereas there have been 1,18,190 faculties with single lecturers in 2022-23, this quantity dropped to 1,10,971 in 2023-24, which is a drop of 7219 faculties, the info exhibits.
Key Factors to Ponder:
• What’s the PM-SHRI Scheme?
• What’s the pupil-teacher ratio (PTR) in India?
• What are the initiatives taken by the federal government to enhance main schooling in India?
• What are the constitutional provisions associated to schooling?
• What’s the significance of high quality schooling on the main stage to use the demographic dividend?
Key Takeaways:
• Among the many States, Madhya Pradesh has the best variety of faculties with single lecturers — 13,198 — adopted by Andhra Pradesh with 12,611 single-teacher faculties.
• In the meantime, the variety of faculties with zero enrollments has seen an uptick in 2023-24 in comparison with the earlier yr.
• Information for 2023-24 exhibits that there have been 12,954 faculties within the nation with zero enrollments. That is up from 10,294 faculties with zero enrollments in 2022-23, which is a rise of two,660 faculties. West Bengal has the biggest variety of faculties with zero enrollments (3254), adopted by Rajasthan (2167), and Telangana (2097).
Do You Know:
• The PM SHRI scheme, accepted in 2022, seeks to develop 14,500 faculties to “showcase” the Nationwide Training Coverage (NEP), 2020, and be “exemplars” for different faculties of their area. The scheme is for current elementary, secondary, and senior secondary faculties run by the central authorities and state and native governments across the nation.
• The PM SHRI dashboard on-line presently lists 10,077 faculties, of which 839 are Kendriya Vidyalayas and 599 Navodaya Vidyalayas, each run by the Centre. The remaining 8,639 faculties are run by state or native governments.
• The Centre had declared a complete challenge price of Rs 27,360 crore for 5 years till 2026-27, of which the Centre would bear Rs 18,128 crore. On the finish of the five-year interval, states and Union Territories (UTs) could be required to “proceed to keep up the benchmarks achieved by these faculties”.
Different Necessary Articles Overlaying the identical subject:
📍What’s PM SHRI, the ‘showcase’ faculties scheme that Centre is pushing in states?
📍Rural literacy price up by 10% in final 10 years: Govt in Lok Sabha
Earlier yr UPSC Prelims Query Overlaying related theme:
(4) Think about the next statements: (UPSC CSE 2018)
1. As per the appropriate to schooling (RTE) Act, to be eligible for appointment as a instructor in a state, an individual could be required to own the minimal qualification laid down by the involved State council of Instructor schooling.
2. As per the RTE Act, for educating main courses, a candidate is required to go a Instructor Eligibility Check carried out in accordance with the Nationwide Council of Instructor Training pointers.
3. In India, greater than 90 % of instructor schooling establishments are immediately below the State Governments.
Which of the statements given above is/are appropriate?
(a) 1 and a couple of
(b) 2 solely
(c) 1 and three
(d) 3 solely
Earlier yr UPSC Mains Query Overlaying related theme:
The Proper of Kids to Free and Obligatory Training Act, 2009 stays insufficient in selling incentive-based system for kids’s schooling with out producing consciousness in regards to the significance of education. Analyse. (UPSC CSE 2022)
| ALSO IN NEWS | |
| How trans individuals can change title, gender identification in official paperwork | 5 years after the Transgender Individuals (Safety of Rights) Act, 2019 got here into pressure, the Karnataka Excessive Court docket has stepped in to permit a transgender lady to vary the title and gender on her delivery certificates. She was denied this beforehand, despite the fact that it’s explicitly permitted below the 2019 Act and subsequent guidelines. |
| PRELIMS ANSWER KEY |
| 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (b) |
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