UPSC Necessities brings to you its initiative for the observe of Mains reply writing. It covers important matters of static and dynamic elements of the UPSC Civil Companies syllabus coated below varied GS papers. This answer-writing observe is designed that can assist you as a price addition to your UPSC CSE Mains. Try at the moment’s reply writing on questions associated to matters of GS-1 to verify your progress.
Talk about the traits and formation of cyclones. How do such climate phenomena have an effect on regional local weather patterns and native economies?
QUESTION 2
Critically consider the idea of geoengineering as a response to international warming. Talk about the potential advantages and dangers related to geoengineering methods.
Common factors on the construction of the solutions
Introduction
— The introduction of the reply is important and ought to be restricted to 3-5 strains. Keep in mind, a one-liner just isn’t a regular introduction.
— It might encompass primary data by giving some definitions from the trusted supply and genuine info.
Physique
— It’s the central a part of the reply and one ought to perceive the demand of the query to offer wealthy content material.
— The reply should be ideally written as a mixture of factors and brief paragraphs quite than utilizing lengthy paragraphs or simply factors.
— Utilizing info from genuine authorities sources makes your reply extra complete. Evaluation is vital based mostly on the demand of the query, however don’t over analyse.
— Underlining key phrases offers you an edge over different candidates and enhances presentation of the reply.
— Utilizing flowcharts/tree-diagram within the solutions saves a lot time and boosts your rating. Nevertheless, it ought to be used logically and solely the place it’s required.
Means ahead/ conclusion
— The ending of the reply ought to be on a constructive be aware and it ought to have a forward-looking strategy. Nevertheless, when you really feel that an vital downside should be highlighted, chances are you’ll add it in your conclusion. Strive to not repeat any level from physique or introduction.
— Chances are you’ll use the findings of stories or surveys performed at nationwide and worldwide ranges, quotes and many others. in your solutions.
Self Analysis
— It’s crucial a part of our Mains reply writing observe. UPSC Necessities will present some guiding factors or concepts as a thought course of that can show you how to to guage your solutions.
THOUGHT PROCESS
Chances are you’ll enrich your solutions by a few of the following factors
QUESTION 1: Talk about the traits and formation of cyclones. How do such climate phenomena have an effect on regional local weather patterns and native economies?
Note: This isn’t a mannequin reply. It solely gives you with thought course of which you’ll incorporate into the solutions.
Introduction:
— A cyclone is a large-scale system of air that rotates across the centre of a low-pressure space. It’s often accompanied by violent storms and unhealthy climate.
— In response to the Nationwide Catastrophe Administration Authority (NDMA), a cyclone is characterised by inward spiralling winds that rotate anticlockwise within the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise within the Southern Hemisphere.
— Tropical cyclones are characterised by damaging winds, torrential rainfall and storm surges disrupt regular life with the accompanying phenomena of floods as a result of distinctive degree of rainfall and storm surge inundation into inland areas.
Physique:
Chances are you’ll incorporate a few of the following factors in your reply:
— The NDMA classifies cyclones broadly into two classes: extratropical cyclones and tropical cyclones.
— Extratropical cyclones: They’re also referred to as mid-latitude cyclones which happen outdoors of the tropics. In response to the US Nationwide Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), they’ve “chilly air at their core, and derive their vitality from the discharge of potential vitality when chilly and heat air lots work together”. These cyclones at all times have a number of fronts — a climate system that’s the boundary between two various kinds of air lots.
— Tropical cyclones: These cyclones are these which develop within the areas between the Tropics of Capricorn and Most cancers. These cyclones develop when “thunderstorm exercise begins constructing near the centre of circulation, and the strongest winds and rain are not in a band removed from the centre”. The core of the storm turns heat, and the cyclone will get most of its vitality from the “latent warmth” launched when water vapour that has evaporated from heat ocean waters condenses into liquid water.
Impact on regional local weather patterns and native economies
— The catastrophe potential could be very excessive upon landfall within the North Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea) as a result of devastating wind, storm surges, and torrential rainfall.
— These storm surges trigger essentially the most injury as a result of seawater inundates low-lying coastal areas, inflicting heavy flooding, eroding seashores and embankments, destroying vegetation, and lowering soil fertility.
— They’ve the power to trigger important injury to buildings corresponding to residences, lifeline infrastructure (energy and communication towers), hospitals, meals storage amenities, highways, bridges, and culverts, crops, and so forth.
— Storm surges and torrential rains overwhelm the lowlands of coastal nations, inflicting essentially the most casualties.
Conclusion:
— Cyclone Dana, anticipated to generate wind speeds of 100-110 kmph and gusts at 120 kmph, is a tropical cyclone. It is rather prone to transfer northwestwards and intensify right into a extreme cyclonic storm over northwest Bay of Bengal.
— Tropical cyclones have completely different names relying on their location and power. They’re often known as hurricanes within the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, the North Atlantic Ocean, and the jap and central North Pacific Ocean. Within the western North Pacific, they’re known as typhoons.
(Supply: Cyclone Dana to hit Odisha, West Bengal: What’s a cyclone and what are its varieties?, ndma.gov.in)
Factors to Ponder
How are hurricanes and typhoons completely different from cyclones?
What’s latent warmth?
How does the naming of cyclone work?
Associated Earlier 12 months Questions
Talk about the that means of colour-coded climate warnings for cyclone inclined areas given by India Meteorological Division. (2022)
Tropical cyclones are largely confined to the South China Sea, Bay of Bengal and Gulf of Mexico. Why? (2014)
QUESTION 2: Critically consider the idea of geoengineering as a response to international warming. Talk about the potential advantages and dangers related to geoengineering methods.
Note: This isn’t a mannequin reply. It solely gives you with thought course of which you’ll incorporate into the solutions.
Introduction:
— Geoengineering refers to any large-scale try to change the Earth’s pure local weather system to counter the antagonistic impacts of worldwide warming. As an example, the Photo voltaic Radiation Administration (SRM), during which supplies are proposed to be deployed in Area to mirror incoming photo voltaic rays and stop them from reaching Earth, is among the two broad geoengineering choices being explored.
— The naked minimal for reaching the goal requires the world to chop its emissions by a minimum of 43 per cent from the 2019 ranges, by 2030.
Physique:
Chances are you’ll incorporate a few of the following factors in your reply:
Completely different strategies of geoengineering
— Photo voltaic Radiation Administration (SRM): In SRM, the supplies are proposed to be deployed in Area to mirror incoming photo voltaic rays and stop them from reaching Earth.
— Carbon Dioxide Elimination (CDR) applied sciences: These embody Carbon Seize and Sequestration (CCS), Carbon Seize and Utilisation (CCU), and Carbon Seize, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS).
— Direct Air Seize (DAC) methodology: On this methodology, carbon dioxide is sucked out by means of massive “synthetic timber” from ambient air and directed in the direction of storage websites or utilisation.
Advantages of geoengineering methods
— Probably the most bold and doubtlessly rewarding type of geoengineering is SRM, which remains to be on the conceptual stage. It attracts inspiration from the pure means of volcanic eruptions, during which massive quantities of sulphur dioxide are launched. These mix with water vapour to type sulphate particles that mirror daylight into house, lowering the quantity reaching Earth.
— Strategies corresponding to direct air seize can doubtlessly get rid of carbon dioxide gathered over time and the advantages are bigger in comparison with CCS. In CCS (Carbon Seize and Sequestration), the carbon dioxide emitted, from business or energy crops, is “captured” at supply and deposited deep under the Earth’s floor in appropriate geological formations for long-term storage.
Challenges related to geoengineering methods
— SRM choices confront important technological and financial obstacles in deployment.
— It has the potential to change international and regional climate patterns, in addition to rainfall distribution.
— Altering pure daylight can have an effect on agriculture, vegetation, and biodiversity, in addition to be dangerous to numerous life types.
— In some circumstances, applied sciences corresponding to CCS could also be theoretically possible or fascinating to deploy; but, relying closely on them to fulfil local weather objectives could also be impractical.
— Deploying CCS to perform local weather targets by 2050 will price the world a minimum of $30 trillion greater than a path centred on renewable vitality and vitality effectivity.
Conclusion:
— The brand new research in contrast seven compounds and located diamonds the simplest in producing the specified outcomes. However to attain a temperature discount of 1.6 levels Celsius, about 5 million tonnes of diamonds would should be sprayed into the higher ambiance yearly.
— The central concept right here is to scatter materials that may mirror photo voltaic radiation into Area and stop it from reaching Earth, thereby cooling down the planet. The set up of space-based mirrors has additionally been proposed.
(Supply: Spraying diamond mud to chill Earth: What a brand new research proposes, regardless of ‘geoengineering’ considerations by Amitabh Sinha)
Factors to Ponder
How is Carbon Seize and Sequestration completely different from Carbon Seize and Utilisation?
What’s Photo voltaic Radiation Administration?
Associated Earlier 12 months Questions
Talk about the consequence of Local weather change on the meals safety in tropical nations. (2023)
Point out the worldwide incidence of volcanic eruptions in 2021 and their affect on the regional atmosphere. (2021)
Earlier Mains Reply Apply
UPSC Necessities: Mains reply observe — GS 1 (Week 73)
UPSC Necessities: Mains reply observe — GS 1 (Week 72)
UPSC Necessities: Mains reply observe — GS 2 (Week 73)
UPSC Necessities: Mains reply observe — GS 2 (Week 74)
UPSC Necessities: Mains reply observe — GS 3 (Week 74)
UPSC Necessities: Mains reply observe — GS 3 (Week 73)
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