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Polity
— 5 languages – Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali – are accorded the standing of ‘classical language’. Now, the overall ‘classical language’ in India is 11.
— In October 2004, the Centre determined to create a brand new class of languages as “classical languages”.
— In November 2004, a Linguistic Consultants Committee (LEC) was constituted by the Ministry of Tradition beneath the Sahitya Akademi to look at the eligibility of the languages proposed to be accorded classical language standing.
— On July 25 this 12 months, the LEC unanimously revised the standards for classical standing.
— It contains: Excessive antiquity of early texts, and recorded historical past over a interval of 1500- 2000 years; a physique of historical literature/ texts, which is taken into account a heritage by generations of audio system; epigraphic and inscriptional proof; data texts, particularly prose texts along with poetry; and that classical languages and literature may very well be distinct from its present kind or may very well be discontinuous with later types of its offshoots.
— The primary language to get recognised as a classical language was Tamil (2004), adopted by Sanskrit (2005), Telugu (2008), Kannada (2008), Malayalam (2013), and Odia (2014).
| Some Attention-grabbing Information |
| There may be no single Prakrit language. Prakrit refers to a gaggle of carefully associated Indo-Aryan languages. Ardhamagadhi is a dialect of Prakrit. Jain agamas and the Gatha Saptashati are written in Ardhamagadhi.
Pali is a type of Sanskritised Magadhi Prakrit. It was the language of the Theravada Buddhist Canon — the Tipitakas. Prakrit and Pali are the 2 Classical languages that aren’t talked about within the eighth schedule of the Indian Structure. |
— The Union Well being Ministry has launched draft tips on withdrawing or withholding medical remedy in terminally ailing sufferers, closing a regulatory hole that left medical professionals in a lurch.
— Euthanasia refers back to the apply of a person intentionally ending their life, oftentimes to get reduction from an incurable situation, or insupportable ache and struggling. It’s of two varieties – ‘lively’ and ‘passive’.
— Energetic euthanasia, which is authorized in only some international locations, entails the usage of deadly substances to finish the lifetime of the affected person. Passive euthanasia is when life-support mechanisms that protect the affected person’s life are withdrawn
— Energetic euthanasia is illegitimate in India. Nevertheless, in 2018, the Supreme Courtroom allowed for a ‘dwelling will’ the place, an grownup in his aware thoughts, is permitted to refuse medical remedy or voluntarily resolve to not take medical remedy to embrace loss of life in a pure means.
— NETHERLANDS, LUXEMBOURG, BELGIUM permit each euthanasia and assisted suicide for anybody who faces “insufferable struggling” that has no probability of enchancment. SWITZERLAND bans euthanasia however permits assisted dying within the presence of a physician or doctor.
— An professional committee constituted by NITI Aayog, in 2023, after the outbreak of Covid has launched a report titled ‘Future Pandemic Preparedness and Emergency Response —A Framework for Motion’.
— It has really helpful a brand new Public Well being Emergency Administration Act (PHEMA) and the implementation of different measures to make sure a swift and efficient response inside the first 100 days of the outbreak.
— On 2nd October, the Swachh Bharat Mission accomplished its 10 years.
— The theme of this 12 months is “Swabhav Swachhata, Sanskar Swachhata“.
— It was launched on October 2, 2014, to attain common sanitation protection and to make the nation Open Defecation Free (ODF).
— The second section of the undertaking, launched in 2021, is anticipated to run until 2025. It included the goal of making certain that the remedy of each liquid and stable waste is achieved by the assistance of expertise and personal sector engagement.
Worldwide Cooperation
— India, Nepal, and Bangladesh have signed a tripartite settlement to facilitate cross-border electrical energy commerce.
— As per the settlement, Nepal will export 40 MW of hydroelectricity to Bangladesh by way of Indian territory.
— The speed per unit of electrical energy has been fastened at 6.4 cents. From the export of electrical energy, Nepal will make an annual earnings of round USD 9.2 million.
Occasions
- Ayush Medical Worth Journey Summit 2024
— Ayush Medical Worth Journey Summit 2024 was inaugurated in Mumbai on September 30.
— The summit’s theme was ‘World Synergy in Ayush: Remodeling Well being and Wellness by Medical Worth Journey’.
— The summit is organised by the Ministry of Ayush, Authorities of India, in collaboration with the Ministry of Tourism, the Authorities of Maharashtra, and key associate.
Surroundings
— Based on the most recent subject of Present Biology, the Indian elephant migrated from the north to the south over many millennia and misplaced their genetic variety progressively with every southward migration.
— It was believed that the southern elephant inhabitants was divided by the Palghat Hole, performing as a pure barrier, alongside the Western Ghats. Now, a brand new research has revealed that the Shencottah Hole additional south additionally acted as an obstacle to elephant motion.
— The Palaghat Hole is a significant break within the Western Ghats mountain vary. Shencottah Hole connects Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
About Elephant Census
— The elephant census is performed each 5 years by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), an autonomous physique beneath the ministry. Nevertheless, there’s a delay within the launch of latest information on account of change within the methodology.
— Based on the final nationwide census performed in 2017, India is residence to greater than 29,000 elephants.
— In 2023, Undertaking Elephant was merged with Undertaking Tiger to create a brand new division with the identify ‘Undertaking Tiger and Elephant Division’ beneath the Ministry of Surroundings, Forest and Local weather Change (MoEF&CC).
— Elephant Day is well known on August 12.
— Asian elephants, scientific name- Elephas maximus indicus, IUCN status- Endangered.
— Hurricane Helene has brought about big destruction in Southeastern United States.
— The storm triggered the worst flooding in North Carolina in over a century.
Report
— The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has launched the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) for 2022-23.
— It confirmed that the overall variety of staff in manufacturing industries elevated by 7.5 per cent to 1.84 crore in 2022-23 from 1.72 crore in 2021-22.
— That is the best charge of enhance in employment in manufacturing industries within the final 12 years.
— The best employment was recorded in factories producing meals merchandise, adopted by textiles, and primary metals.
— Based on the report, the variety of employees employed within the casual sector in 2022-23 fell by 16.45 lakh, or 1.5 per cent, to 10.96 crore from 11.13 crore in 2015-16.
(FYI: These information are supposed to develop an understanding concerning the standing of the financial system. You don’t want to recollect all the things.)
Illnesses
(Simply FYI: UPSC has persistently included questions on well being and ailments in its examinations over time. As an illustration, in 2014, a query concerning the Ebola virus appeared within the Prelims, and in 2017, a query concerning the Zika virus was featured. Subsequently, it’s essential to remain up to date on ailments which are at present within the information.)
— Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann has been recognized with leptospirosis and has been placed on remedy.
— Based on the World Well being Organisation (WHO), Leptospirosis is an infectious illness attributable to micro organism belonging to the genus Leptospira.
— It’s primarily a illness of animals that often infect people. The micro organism might be transmitted to people by cuts and abrasions of the pores and skin, or the mucous membranes of the eyes, nostril and mouth with water contaminated with the urine of contaminated animals.
— Widespread animals that transmit Leptospirosis embrace livestock similar to cattle, pigs, and horses however can vary from wild animals similar to raccoons and porcupines to domesticated canines.
Individuals in Information
— Surgeon Vice Admiral Arti Sarin grew to become the primary ladies physician to carry the place of the Director Common of the Armed Forces Medical Providers (DGAFMS).
— The DGAFMS is immediately accountable to the Ministry of Defence for total medical coverage issues that are associated to the Armed Forces
— M V Shreyams Kumar of Mathrubhumi was elected President of The Indian Newspaper Society (INS), an apex physique of publishers of newspapers, magazines and periodicals within the nation.
— The INS, earlier often known as Indian & Japanese Newspaper Society, was inaugurated at a gathering of the representatives of the next founding publications on February 27, 1939, on the Statesman Home, New Delhi.
(Supply: indiannewspapersociety.in)
— Delhi Excessive Courtroom Appearing Chief Justice Manmohan took oath because the Delhi Excessive Courtroom’s Chief Justice on twenty ninth September.
— Appointment of Appearing Chief Justices is to be made by the President beneath Article 223 of the Structure.
— The Chief Justice and Judges of the Excessive Courts are to be appointed by the President beneath clause (1) of Article 217 of the Structure.
— Hassan Nasrallah, the chief of Hezbollah, was killed by Israel in an air strike.
— Hezbollah, the “Celebration of God”, was fashioned within the early Eighties in response to the Israeli occupation of Lebanon.
— Israel thought of Nasrallah a terrorist, and Hezbollah has been designated a terrorist organisation by a number of international locations.
— On 1st October, Mark Rutte took workplace because the North Atlantic Treaty Group’s 14th Secretary Common.
— He’s a former Prime Minister of the Netherlands.
Locations in Information
(Simply FYI: The situation of the place is vital, contemplating that UPSC has requested a number of questions on locations that have been within the information, similar to Aleppo and Kirkuk, within the 2018 UPSC Prelims. One of the simplest ways to recollect them is to plot them on a world map.)
— 800 cops and dozens of excavators have been deployed in a demolition drive close to Somnath Temple.
— It is a vital Hindu pilgrimage positioned in Prabhas Patan, Veraval, in Gujarat.
— Based on the temple web site, it’s “the holy place of the First Aadi Jyotirling Shree Somnath Mahadev.”
— The temple confronted a severe assault in 1026 CE by Mahmud of Ghazni in the course of the reign of Bhima I.
— Based on an inscription, Kumarapala (r. 1143–72) rebuilt the Somnath temple in 1169. He changed a decaying wood temple.
— Throughout its 1299 invasion of Gujarat, Alauddin Khalji’s military, led by Ulugh Khan, defeated the Vaghela king Karna, and sacked the Somnath temple.
— In 1395, the temple was destroyed for the third time by Zafar Khan, the final governor of Gujarat beneath the Delhi Sultanate and later founding father of the Gujarat Sultanate.
— Based on the temple web site, in 1782, Maratha queen Ahalyabai Holkar constructed a small temple on the web site.
— After Independence, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel introduced the choice to reconstruct Somnath at an enormous gathering in Junagarh.
(Supply: girsomnath.nic.in)
— A brand new research has discovered recent proof that confirms the dockyard’s existence within the Harappan metropolis of Lothal, alongside the Bhogava river, a tributary of Sabarmati, within the Bhal area of Gujarat.
— The research has revealed that the Sabarmati river used to movement by Lothal (at present, it flows 20 km away from the placement) in the course of the Harappan Civilisation.
— The that means of Lothal (a mixture of Loth and (s) thal) in Gujarati is “the mound of the lifeless.”
— The post-city of Lothal was excavated by Archaeologist SR Rao.
— Lothal was nominated in April 2014 as a UNESCO World Heritage Website, and its software is pending on the tentative listing of UNESCO.
— In August 2024, India and Vietnam signed an settlement to develop the Nationwide Maritime Heritage Advanced (NMHC) in Lothal.
— NMHC is about to turn out to be a world vacationer vacation spot, showcasing India’s maritime heritage from historical to trendy occasions. The undertaking started in March 2022 and is being developed at a price of Rs 4,500 crore.
(Supply: PIB)
— The UK introduced on October 3 that it might cede sovereignty of the strategically vital Chagos Islands to Mauritius.
— The Chagos archipelago, comprising 58 islands, lies roughly 500 km to the south of the Maldives archipelago within the Indian Ocean.
— These islands have been utilized by the French for his or her coconut plantations. They ceded the island to the British in 1814.
— In 1965, it grew to become a part of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) and connected to Mauritius. Even when Mauritius gained independence in 1968, Chagos remained with Britain.
— Based on a brand new research, the Arun River basin, positioned 75 km away from Mount Everest, is inflicting the Everest peak to rise by as much as 2 mm per 12 months.
— The Arun River is unfold throughout Nepal and Tibet. It drains into the Kosi River, contributing to the Sapt-Kosi River water system.
— Presently, Sutlej Jal Vikas Nigam (SJVN) is executing 2,200 MW of three Hydroelectric Tasks within the Arun River basin in Nepal.
Awards
— Actor and former Rajya Sabha MP Mithun Chakraborty might be conferred the celebrated Dadasaheb Phalke Award for 2024.
— He might be offered the award on the seventieth Nationwide Movie Awards ceremony on October 8, 2024.
— It’s India’s highest honour in cinema, established in 1969, which is offered yearly by the Directorate of Movie Festivals.
Phrases making buzz
— Cyber Slavery: It refers to a state of affairs the place a person is allegedly held towards their will and compelled to hold out cyber fraud. Based on a latest report, as many as 5,000 Indians have been duped in such scams in Cambodia.
— PUSA-44: Pusa-44 is a variant of paddy bred by the Indian Agricultural Analysis Institute (IARI) in New Delhi. It was launched for large-scale cultivation in 1993. Pusa-44 takes 155-160 days to develop, from the time of sowing its seeds in nurseries to harvesting the grain.
— Cadaver donation: It sees an individual donate their complete physique (reasonably than particular person organs) to science after loss of life. Anybody over the age of 18 years can legally consent to turn out to be a cadaver donor. Just lately, CPI (M) chief Sitaram Yechury, who died on September 12, donated his physique to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS).
— Sarco Pod: It’s a coffin-sized, air-tight machine designed by Exit Worldwide. It’s used for euthanasia in Switzerland. It consists of a 3D-printed removable capsule positioned on a stand with a canister of liquid nitrogen. An individual mendacity inside it might press a button to provoke the dying course of, flooding the air inside it with nitrogen gasoline.
Take a look at Your Data
(Notice: One of the simplest ways to recollect information for UPSC and different aggressive exams is to recall them by MCQs. Attempt to resolve the next questions by yourself.)
A. Which of the next classical languages are additionally listed in Schedule 8 of the Structure?
1. Marathi
2. Assamese
3. Bhojpuri
4. Pali
Choose the right choices.
(a) 1, 2, and 4 solely
(b) 2, 3, and 4 solely
(c) 3 and 4 solely
(d) 1 and a pair of solely
B. The place was the Ayush Medical Worth Journey Summit 2024 was organised?
(a) New Delhi
(b) Mumbai
(c) Lucknow
(d) Gandhinagar
C. Think about the next statements:
1. Lothal was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Website in 2004.
2. India and Maldives have signed an settlement to develop the Nationwide Maritime Heritage Advanced (NMHC) in Lothal.
Which of the next statements is/are right?
(a) 1 solely
(b) 2 solely
(c) Each 1 and a pair of
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
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