Listed here are the important thing highlights from the Time Use Survey. Check out the important ideas, phrases, quotes, or phenomena daily and brush up your data. Right here’s your data nugget for right this moment.
(Relevance: UPSC has requested questions on the ‘care financial system,’ the ‘monetized financial system,’ and the function of ladies. In Prelims, questions have been requested about employment and key authorities surveys or studies. Since TUS is printed by only some international locations on the planet, it is vital for UPSC aspirants to know its targets and main highlights.)
Why within the information?
The Nationwide Statistics Workplace (NSO) below the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has launched the second All-India Time Use Survey for the interval January-December 2024. It measures time inclinations by the inhabitants on totally different actions. The first goal of the Survey is to measure the participation of women and men in paid and unpaid actions. The primary All-India survey was carried out throughout January – December 2019. Solely few international locations around the globe like Australia, Japan, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand, the USA, and China conduct such Nationwide Time Use Survey to investigate how folks allocate their time to numerous day by day actions.
Key Takeaways:
1. TUS is totally different from different family surveys as a result of it captures time disposition on totally different facets of human actions, be it paid, unpaid, or different actions with such particulars which helps measure numerous facets of gender statistics. It additionally supplies info on time spent on studying, socializing, leisure actions, self-care actions, and so on., by the family members.
2. Time spent by females in a day on unpaid home providers for family members decreased by 10 minutes to 289 minutes in 2024 from 299 minutes in 2019. Nevertheless, females spent 201 extra minutes in a day in unpaid home providers for family members than their male counterparts final 12 months.
3. The hole between the minutes spent by females than males in a day is the sharpest for unpaid home work, adopted by unpaid caregiving providers for family members. Females spent 62 extra minutes in a day in unpaid caregiving actions for family members than males, with the common time spent by females registering a rise to 137 minutes in 2024 from 134 minutes in 2019.
4. As many as 41 per cent of females aged 15-59 years participated in caregiving for his or her family members, whereas male participation in such caregiving was nearly half at 21.4 per cent. “This corroborates the Indian social material whereby a lot of the caregiving obligations for family members are borne by the females,” the ministry stated.
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5. For employment and associated actions, nonetheless, males spent 132 minutes greater than females (341 minutes by females, 473 minutes by males).
6. Round 83.9 per cent females participated in unpaid actions throughout a day in 2024, nearly the identical as the extent of 84.0 per cent in 2019, whereas for paid actions, their share elevated 20.6 per cent in 2024 from 17.1 per cent in 2019. The participation charge of males in unpaid actions elevated to 45.8 per cent in 2024 from 43.9 per cent in 2019, whereas for paid work, their share elevated to 60.5 per cent from 54.8 per cent.
7. For socialising and communication, neighborhood participation and spiritual observe, whereas females spent the identical period of time at 139 minutes in each 2024 and 2019, males decreased their time for such actions to 138 minutes from 147 minutes.
Distinction between paid and unpaid actions
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Paid work contains self-employment for the manufacturing of products and providers; common wage or wage or informal labour for the manufacturing of products and providers. Unpaid actions embrace care for kids, sick, aged, differently-abled individuals in their very own households; manufacturing of different providers for personal consumption; manufacturing of products for personal consumption; voluntary work for manufacturing of products & providers in households and market/non-market items; unpaid trainee work and different unpaid work for manufacturing of products and providers.
BEYOND THE NUGGET: Purple Financial system and Care Financial system
1. Based on the United Nations Economist Community, “the Purple Financial system, additionally typically known as the care financial system, obtains its title from the colour adopted by many feminist actions. It represents a brand new imaginative and prescient of economics that acknowledges the significance of care work, empowerment and autonomy of ladies to the functioning of the economies, wellbeing of societies and life sustainability.”
2. The Worldwide Labour Organisation (ILO) defines Care Financial system as a “set of actions associated to the availability of care and assist to people, households, and communities, together with each paid and unpaid work.” Care Financial system encompasses a broad spectrum of labour and assets devoted to assembly the care wants of people and households.
3. One of many traits of the care financial system is that girls are disproportionately represented right here. Based on the World Well being Organisation, girls type 70% of the full staff in well being and social sectors with a gender pay hole of round 28% on common, making it some of the biased sectors when it comes to wage funds.
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4. The underpayment and undervaluation of care work contribute to its invisibility in financial metrics, leading to market failure. Based on the current coverage temporary, the contribution of care work to India’s GDP has been estimated to be round 15-17%. This determine underscores the financial worth that unpaid and underpaid care work supplies, though it’s usually ignored in conventional financial measures.
5. The 5R framework offered by the Worldwide Labour Organisation has usually been steered as a key to understanding and enhancing the effectivity, sustainability, and equity of care work. The framework contains recognizing, decreasing and redistributing unpaid care, making certain ample reward techniques for paid care staff and prioritizing illustration of caregivers and care recipients from coverage design to analysis.
Learn extra: Balancing the care and monetised economies for India’s progress
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