Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide significance and Polity
Mains Examination: Common Research II: Indian Structure—historic underpinnings, evolution, options, amendments, important provisions and primary construction.
What’s the continuing story: The main target of an impeachment bid within the Rajya Sabha the place the Opposition has accused him of “hate speech” and “incitement to communal disharmony,” Allahabad Excessive Court docket decide Justice Shekhar Kumar Yadav has been referred to as by the Supreme Court docket Collegium for a gathering subsequent week, The Indian Specific has learnt. The assembly could also be held as early as December 17.
Key Factors to Ponder:
• What’s the constitutional course of for the impeachment of a Excessive Court docket decide in India?
• What’s the position of the Supreme Court docket Collegium within the context of judicial accountability in India?
• What constitutes “hate speech” and what are its authorized implications beneath Indian regulation?
• What are the constitutional provisions associated the Judiciary?
• What are the powers and capabilities of Excessive Court docket judges?
• What’s the Judges Inquiry Act, 1968, and what are its key provisions?
• What are the powers of the Rajya Sabha Chairman?
Key Takeaways:
• On December 10, the apex courtroom had reportedly taken notice of Justice Yadav’s controversial speech at an occasion organised by the authorized cell of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad and sought “particulars” from the Excessive Court docket. On December 13, 55 Opposition MPs within the Rajya Sabha gave a discover for shifting a movement to question him.
• The Vice President of India (Chairman of Rajya Sabha) can settle for or reject the Opposition’s impeachment discover.
• If accepted, a three-member committee — two judges and a jurist — will likely be constituted to probe the grievance and decide if it’s a case match for initiating impeachment. This committee will embody one decide from the Supreme Court docket and the Chief Justice of a Excessive Court docket for the reason that grievance is in opposition to a Excessive Court docket decide.
• In response to Article 124 (4), the movement for impeachment “must be supported by a majority of the whole membership of that Home and by a majority of not lower than two-third of the members of the Home current and voting” — in each the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. Given the NDA’s numbers in each Homes, the movement of impeachment is unlikely to clear both Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha.
Do You Know:
• The method of impeachment of a decide of the Supreme Court docket is laid down in Article 124(4) of the Structure of India. Article 218 says the identical provisions shall apply in relation to a decide of the Excessive Court docket as properly.
• Below Article 124(4), a decide will be eliminated by Parliament by means of a laid-down process on solely two grounds: “proved misbehaviour” and “incapacity”.
• The availability states: “A Decide of the Supreme Court docket shall not be faraway from his workplace besides by an order of the President handed after an handle by every Home of Parliament supported by a majority of the whole membership of that Home and by a majority of not lower than two-third of the members of the Home current and voting has been offered to the President in the identical session for such elimination on the bottom of proved misbehaviour or incapacity.”
• In different phrases, for an impeachment movement in opposition to an SC or HC decide to undergo, no less than two-thirds of these “current and voting” in each Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha should vote in favour of eradicating the decide — and the variety of votes in favour should be greater than 50% of the “whole membership” of every Home.
• If Parliament passes such a vote, the President will cross an order for the elimination of the decide. The grounds and the method for impeachment have a excessive bar to be able to make sure the independence of the judiciary is protected.
• Notably, The process to be adopted for impeachment of a decide is laid down within the Judges Inquiry Act, 1968. Below Part 3 of the Act, for a movement of impeachment to be taken up, it must be moved by not lower than 100 members within the Decrease Home, and no less than 50 members within the Higher Home.
Different Essential Articles Overlaying the identical matter:
📍Movement to question Allahabad HC decide: Strategy of impeachment, previous makes an attempt
Earlier 12 months UPSC Prelims Query Overlaying comparable theme:
(1) Contemplate the next statements: (UPSC CSE 2020)
1. The movement to question a Decide of the Supreme Court docket of India can’t be rejected by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha as per the Judges (Inquiry) Act 1968.
2. The Structure of India defines and offers particulars or what constitutes ‘incapacity and proved misbehaviour’ of the Judges of the Supreme Court docket of India.
3. The main points of the method of impeachment of the Judges of the Supreme Court docket of India is given in 4 the Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968.
4. If the movement for the impeachment of a Decide is taken up for voting, the regulation requires the movement to be backed by every Home of the Parliament and supported by a majority of whole membership of that Home and by not lower than two-thirds of whole members of that Home current and voting.
Which of the statements given above is/are right?
(a) 1 and a couple of solely
(b) 3 solely
(c) 3 and 4 solely
(d) 1, 3 and 4
THE CITY PAGE
CAQM revises air air pollution management curbs
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Common points on Environmental Ecology, Biodiversity and Local weather Change- that don’t require topic specialisation.
Mains Examination: Common Research-II, III: Authorities insurance policies and interventions Conservation, environmental air pollution and degradation, environmental influence evaluation.
What’s the continuing story: Faculties in Delhi-NCR need to mandatorily go for hybrid lessons, as a substitute of solely working on-line, when their air high quality worsens; entry of polluting inter-state buses is to be prohibited when the air is forecast to show ‘very poor’: These are among the many revisions made to the Graded Response Motion Plan by the Fee for Air High quality Administration (CAQM) Saturday.
Key Factors to Ponder:
• What’s air air pollution and what are its sources?
• What’s the Air High quality Index?
• What are the explanations behind the poor air high quality in northern India, particularly through the winters?
• What are completely different air pollution and their sources?
• How does air air pollution influence the economic system, well being, and surroundings?
• What’s the Graded Response Motion Plan (GRAP)?
• Learn in regards to the Fee for Air High quality Administration (CAQM) and the Central Air pollution Management Board (CPCB).
• What are the federal government initiatives and applications for combating air air pollution in India?
• What steps needs to be taken to manage air air pollution?
Key Takeaways:
• As per the CAQM order, sure focused curbs that have been earlier in GRAP Phases III (extreme) and IV (extreme+) have been integrated in Phases II (‘very poor’) and III, tightening the management plan.
• The revision follows the Supreme Court docket’s instructions on December 5, asking the Fee to contemplate incorporating sure extra measures beneath GRAP Stage II-III.
Do You Know:
• GRAP is a set of emergency measures that kick in to stop additional deterioration of air high quality as soon as it reaches a sure threshold. Stage 1 of GRAP is activated when the AQI is within the ‘poor’ class (201 to 300). The second, third and fourth phases are activated three days forward of the AQI reaching the ‘very poor’ class (301 to 400), ‘extreme’ class (401 to 450) and ‘extreme +’ class (above 450) respectively.
• Measures being imposed beneath the earlier classes proceed even when the following class is activated, that’s, if measures beneath Stage-2 are activated, measures beneath Stage-1 will proceed to stay in place.
• The GRAP was first notified in January 2017 by the Ministry of Surroundings, Forest and Local weather Change. This was primarily based on a plan that was submitted by the Central Air pollution Management Board (CPCB) in November 2016. In response to the notification, the duty of implementing the GRAP fell on the now-dissolved Surroundings Air pollution (Prevention and Management) Authority for the NCR. From 2021 onwards, the GRAP is being carried out by the Fee for Air High quality Administration (CAQM).
• CAQM was constituted by means of the CAQM Act, 2021, which got here into power in the identical 12 months on April 13. The air high quality monitoring physique is tasked with higher coordination, analysis, identification, and backbone of issues surrounding the air high quality index and associated issues in NCR and adjoining areas. It has the facility to take measures, situation instructions and entertain complaints to guard and enhance the air high quality within the area.
Different Essential Articles Overlaying the identical matter:
📍UPSC Difficulty at a Look | Air Air pollution: 4 Key Questions You Should Know for Prelims and Mains
Earlier 12 months UPSC Prelims/Mains Query Overlaying comparable theme:
(2) Within the cities of our nation, which among the many following atmospheric gases are usually thought-about in calculating the worth of Air High quality Index? (UPSC CSE 2016)
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Carbon monoxide
3. Nitrogen dioxide
4. Sulfur dioxide
5. Methane
Choose the right reply utilizing the code given under:
(a) 1, 2 and three solely
(b) 2, 3 and 4 solely
(c) 1, 4 and 5 solely
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
IN PARLIAMENT WINTER SESSION
One Nation, One Election invoice to be launched in LS tomorrow
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide significance and Polity
Mains Examination: Common Research-II: Polity, Parliament and State legislatures, Constitutional Our bodies.
What’s the continuing story: Payments to allow simultaneous elections to the Lok Sabha in addition to state and Union territory assemblies will likely be launched within the Lok Sabha by Union Minister for Legislation and Justice Arjun Ram Meghwal on Monday as per the record of enterprise for the day.
Key Factors to Ponder:
• What are the constitutional provisions related to the elections in India?
• What’s simultaneous elections?
• What’s the historical past of simultaneous elections in India?
• What are the benefits and drawbacks of implementing simultaneous polls?
• Learn the suggestions of the Kovind committee.
• How does the Election Fee of India conduct elections in India?
• What are the challenges in conducting free and honest elections in India?
• Learn in regards to the Election Fee of India.
Key Takeaways:
• On Thursday, the Cupboard accepted the Structure (One Hundred and Twenty-Ninth Modification) Invoice, 2024, and the Union Territories Legal guidelines (Modification Invoice), 2024, and circulated it to MPs on Friday night.
• As per the draft Payments, simultaneous elections would come into impact on an “appointed date” to be notified by the President on the primary sitting of the Lok Sabha after a normal election.
• As per the Structure Modification Invoice, all state assemblies elected after this appointed date would have their phrases curtailed to finish together with that of the total time period of the Lok Sabha, thereby paving the best way for simultaneous elections.
• For the reason that first sitting of the Lok Sabha elected in 2024 is previous, the earliest the appointed date will be notified is the primary sitting of the Home elected within the 2029 elections. Which means that simultaneous polls might be held by 2034 when the total time period of that Home ends.
• The Invoice provides a brand new Article 82(A) (simultaneous elections to the Home of the Folks and all Legislative Assemblies) and amends Article 83 (Length of Homes of Parliament), Article 172 (Length of State Legislatures), and Article 327 (Energy of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures).
• Equally, the Invoice for Union territories makes the identical adjustments to provisions for the assemblies of Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, and Puducherry.
• The Payments have been drafted as per the suggestions of the high-level committee chaired by former President Ram Nath Kovind, which was appointed by the Legislation Ministry on September 2, 2023 to recommend methods and amendments to allow simultaneous elections.
• As per the Payments, in case the Lok Sabha or any state or UT Meeting is dissolved earlier than the tip of the total time period, mid-term elections for that legislature alone could be held for the rest of the five-year time period.
Do You Know:
• Simultaneous elections means holding elections to Lok Sabha, all state Legislative Assemblies, and concrete and rural native our bodies (municipalities and panchayats) on the similar time. Presently, all these elections are held independently of each other, following timelines dictated by the phrases of each particular person elected physique.
• The idea of “Simultaneous Election” will not be alien to India. India has a historical past of holding simultaneous elections. Our democratic journey started with the primary normal election, the place each the Lok Sabha and state meeting elections have been carried out on the similar time.
Different Essential Articles Overlaying the identical matter:
📍UPSC Difficulty at a Look | What has reignited the “One Nation, One Election” debate?
📍Simultaneous polls Invoice: Amendments in impact from date to be notified by President
Earlier 12 months UPSC Prelims Query Overlaying comparable theme:
(3) Contemplate the next statements: (UPSC CSE 2021)
1. In India, there is no such thing as a regulation limiting the candidates from contesting in a single Lok Sabha election from three constituencies.
2. Within the 1991 Lok Sabha Election, Shri Devi Lal contested from three Lok Sabha constituencies.
3. As per the prevailing guidelines, if a candidate contests in a single Lok Sabha election from many constituencies, his/her occasion ought to bear the price of bye-elections to the constituencies vacated by him/her successful in all of the constituencies.
Which of the statements given above is/are right?
(a) 1 solely
(b) 2 solely
(c) 1 and three solely
(d) 2 and three solely
Earlier 12 months UPSC Mains Query Overlaying comparable theme:
‘Simultaneous election to the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies will restrict the quantity of money and time spent in electioneering however it’s going to scale back the federal government’s accountability to the folks’ Talk about. (UPSC CSE 2017)
ECONOMY
High 100 defaulters accounted for 43% of whole NPAs, over Rs 4 lakh crore in whole
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide significance and financial improvement
Mains Examination: Common Research-III: Indian Economic system and points referring to planning, mobilisation, of assets, development, improvement
What’s the continuing story: Over 43 per cent of the whole non-performing property (NPA) until March 2019 — Rs 4.02 lakh crore — was accounted for by simply 100 corporations and 30 of those debtors accounted for over 30 per cent of the gross NPAs — Rs 2.86 lakh crore, an investigation by The Indian Specific has revealed.
Key Factors to Ponder:
• What’s a Non-Performing Asset (NPA)?
• How is NPA categorised within the Indian banking sector?
• What is supposed by the evergreening of loans?
• What’s twin stability sheet disaster in India?
• What are the causes of the rising NPAs in India?
• How do rising NPAs influence the economic system?
• What steps have been taken by the RBI and the Authorities of India to handle the NPA disaster?
• How does the NPA situation have an effect on monetary inclusion and the efficiency of Public Sector Banks (PSBs)?
• What’s the Insolvency and Chapter Code (IBC)?
• What position does the IBC play in resolving NPAs?
Key Takeaways:
• India’s scheduled business banks (SCBs) had gross NPAs value Rs 9.33 lakh crore as of March 31, 2019, the second-highest-ever unhealthy mortgage quantity recorded after 2018 within the historical past of India’s banking system.
• The investigation additional reveals that the highest 100 financial institution defaulters, which incorporates a few of the nation’s greatest corporations from throughout sectors run by distinguished industrialists, had a complete debt of Rs 8.44 lakh crore until March 31, 2019 and out of this practically half was declared as unhealthy loans, or NPA.
• A more in-depth take a look at the record of the highest defaulters additionally reveals simply 15 corporations of three sectors — manufacturing, vitality and building — accounted for over 50 per cent (Rs 4.58 lakh crore) of the whole debt on these 100 corporations.
• The nation’s high enterprise giants from throughout the sectors — manufacturing, vitality, building, actual property, telecom, banking or monetary intermediation — represent the highest 100 record of NPAs or banks defaulters.
Do You Know:
• All advances given by banks are termed “property”, as they generate revenue for the financial institution by the use of curiosity or instalments. Nonetheless, a mortgage turns unhealthy if the curiosity or instalment stays unpaid even after the due date — and turns right into a nonperforming asset, or NPA, if it stays unpaid for a interval of greater than 90 days.
• The method of evergreening of loans is often a brief repair for a financial institution. If an account turns NPA, banks are required to make greater provisions which can influence their profitability. To keep away from classifying a mortgage as non-performing asset (NPAs), banks undertake evergreening.
Different Essential Articles Overlaying the identical matter:
📍Why NPAs aren’t nearly financial institution governance
📍Das cautions banks in opposition to hiding stress, governance points
Earlier 12 months UPSC Prelims Query Overlaying comparable theme:
(4) Which of the next statements finest describes the time period ‘Scheme for Sustainable Structuring of Harassed Belongings (S4A)’, not too long ago seen within the information? (UPSC CSE 2017)
(a) It’s a process for contemplating ecological prices of developmental schemes formulated by the Authorities.
(b) It’s a scheme of RBI for transforming the monetary construction of huge company entities going through real difficulties.
(c) It’s a disinvestment plan of the Authorities relating to Central Public Sector Undertakings.
(d) It is a crucial provision in ‘The Insolvency and Chapter Code’ not too long ago carried out by the Authorities.
THE WORLD
South Korea Parliament impeaches President over martial regulation fiasco
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide and worldwide significance
Mains Examination: Common Research-II: Impact of insurance policies and politics of developed and growing nations on India’s pursuits
What’s the continuing story: South Korea’s parliament Saturday voted to question President Yoon Suk Yeol over his short-lived martial regulation declaration earlier this month, information company AP reported.
Key Factors to Ponder:
• What’s the present standing of India-South Korea relations?
• What are the important thing areas of cooperation between India and South Korea?
• Learn in regards to the Korean Conflict.
• What’s martial regulation?
• What’s the means of impeachment of the President in South Korea, and the way does it examine to India’s impeachment course of for the President?
• What immunities are granted to the President of India?
• Map work: Find South Korea.
Key Takeaways:
• The movement was handed within the Nationwide Meeting in a 204-85 vote. Yoon’s presidential powers and duties will likely be suspended after the copies of a doc on the impeachment are delivered to him and to the Constitutional Court docket, AP report acknowledged.
• The courtroom now has as much as 180 days to find out whether or not to dismiss Yoon because the president or restore his powers, in response to AP. If he’s thrown out of workplace, a nationwide election to decide on his successor should be held inside 60 days.
• Yoon, in response to the information company, was banned from leaving the nation, as regulation enforcement authorities investigated whether or not he and others concerned within the martial regulation declaration dedicated insurrection and abuse of energy, amongst different crimes. If convicted, the chief may face demise penalty or life imprisonment.
• Yoon earlier exercised the presidential privilege of immunity from prison prosecution, nonetheless, that doesn’t prolong to allegations of insurrection or treason. Subsequently, Yoon might be investigated, detained, arrested or indicted over his martial regulation decree, as per the report.
Do You Know:
• President Yoon, whereas declaring the emergency martial regulation stated it was “aimed toward eradicating pro-North Korean forces and to guard the constitutional order of freedom”.
• The declaration of martial regulation, the primary since 1979, meant the alternative of civilian authorities by navy rule. In response to South Korea’s Structure, the President can declare martial regulation in instances of struggle or battle and if the general public order requires it.
• The martial regulation lasted six hours, which noticed navy helicopters circling the Nationwide Meeting and troops dashing in the direction of the constructing. Members of the general public warded off the navy as lawmakers fought to hurry contained in the constructing to vote in opposition to the martial regulation. The entire 190 lawmakers who made it in voted to repeal the martial regulation. Following this, the movement for the martial regulation was declared void.
Different Essential Articles Overlaying the identical matter:
📍Martial regulation lifted in South Korea: What occurs subsequent?
US Officers in direct contact with Syrian rebels: Blinken
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide and worldwide significance.
Principal Examination: Common Research II: Impact of insurance policies and politics of developed and growing nations on India’s pursuits
What’s the continuing story: US Secretary of State Antony Blinken stated on Saturday that the USA has had direct contact with the insurgent faction Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), which led the overthrow of President Bashar al-Assad’s authorities.
Key Factors to Ponder:
• Learn in regards to the historical past of the Syrian civil struggle.
• What was the “Arab Spring”?
• What’s ‘Hayat Tahrir al-Sham’?
• What’s the position of worldwide actors comparable to Russia and Iran within the Syrian Civil Conflict?
• What will be the geopolitical implications of the Syrian Civil Conflict for the Center East and the world?
• What’s the standing of India-Syria relations?
• Map Work: Aleppo, Damascus, Homs, and different locations in information associated to the Syrian Civil Conflict.
Key Takeaways:
• Talking after assembly with the overseas ministers of the Arab nations and Turkey in Jordan, Blinken acknowledged {that a} joint communique had been agreed upon, outlining the rules that different nations want to see adopted in Syria’s political transition, together with inclusivity and respect for minorities.
• In the meantime, amid its position within the Syrian battle, HTS is designated a overseas terrorist organisation by the USA and different nations.
• 5 a long time of rule by Assad’s household ended on Sunday when he fled to Moscow, the place the federal government granted him asylum. Iran had backed Assad in Syria’s lengthy civil struggle and his overthrow was extensively seen as a significant blow to the Iran-led “Axis of Resistance”, a political and navy alliance that opposes Israeli and US affect within the Center East.
From “Russian cargo airplane departs Syrian base for Libya, extra anticipated: Official”
• Russia is pulling again its navy from the entrance strains in northern Syria and from posts within the Alawite Mountains however will not be leaving its two most important bases within the nation after the autumn of President Bashar al-Assad, 4 Syrian officers advised Reuters.
• The ousting of Assad, who alongside along with his late father, former President Hafez al-Assad, had cast a detailed alliance with Moscow, has thrown the way forward for Russia’s bases – the Hmeimim airbase in Latakia and the Tartous naval facility – into query.
• Moscow has backed Syria since early within the Chilly Conflict, and had recognised its independence in 1944 as Damascus sought to throw off French colonial rule. The West lengthy regarded Syria as a Soviet satellite tv for pc.
• The bases in Syria are an integral a part of Russia’s world navy presence: the Tartous naval base is Russia’s solely Mediterranean restore and resupply hub, with Hmeimim a significant staging submit for navy and mercenary exercise in Africa.
• The Tartous facility dates from 1971, and after Russia intervened within the civil struggle to assist Assad, Moscow was in 2017 granted a freed from cost 49-year lease.
Do You Know:
• The Syrian civil struggle started across the “Arab Spring” of 2010, dubbed in order many nations within the Center East and North Africa noticed uprisings in opposition to authoritarian governments that had been in energy for many years. In some nations, comparable to Tunisia and Egypt, ruling governments have been pressured out. In most others, governments and militaries crushed the actions.
• The Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) was based in 2011 as Jabhat al-Nusra, the al-Qaeda’s department in Syria. In 2016, it broke away to type the Jabhat Fateh al-Shaam (JFS), standing for the liberation of Shaam or the Levant (the sub-region of the Center East mendacity close to the Mediterranean Sea, together with Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Palestine).
Different Essential Articles Overlaying the identical matter:
📍Data nugget of the day: Hayat Tahrir al-Sham
Earlier 12 months UPSC Prelims Query Overlaying comparable theme:
(5) Contemplate the next pairs: (UPSC CSE 2018)
| Cities generally talked about in information | Nation | |
| 1. | Aleppo | Syria |
| 2. | Kirkuk | Yemen |
| 3. | Mosul | Palestine |
| 4. | Mazar-i-sharif | Afghanistan |
Which of the pairs given above are appropriately matched?
(a) 1 and a couple of solely
(b) 1 and 4 solely
(c) 2 and three solely
(d) 3 and 4 solely
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