UPSC Key | thirtieth November. 2024: GDP progress. Human-lion coexistence, and Anti-cheating legislation

Mains Examination: Common Research-III: Indian Financial system and points referring to planning, mobilisation, of assets, progress, growth and employment.

What’s the continuing story:  INDIA’S REAL Gross Home Product (GDP) progress slumped to a seven-quarter low of 5.4 per cent in July-September 2024, pulled down by “sluggish progress” in manufacturing and a deceleration in mining and quarrying, knowledge launched by the Nationwide Statistics Workplace (NSO) on Friday confirmed.

Key Factors to Ponder:

• What’s actual GDP?

• What’s the Gross Worth Added (GVA)?

• What’s the distinction between nominal GDP and actual GDP?

• How is GDP calculated in India?

• What are the drawbacks of measuring financial progress in GDP?

• What are the challenges of GDP calculation?

• What are the explanations for the decline in GVA within the manufacturing sector?

• What’s the Personal remaining consumption expenditure?

• What’s the distinction between the Expenditure technique and the Revenue technique of GDP calculation?

Key Takeaways:

• A number of elements added as much as what Chief Financial Advisor V Anantha Nageswaran described as a “disappointing however not alarming” decrease progress price in Q2. Going ahead, he stated, doubling down on deregulation, increasing state capability for public funding, and bettering hiring and compensation insurance policies within the non-public sector, will enhance progress prospects and switch the second quarter numbers right into a fading reminiscence.

• “Bulk of the slowdown has been predominantly as a result of manufacturing sector. And a few of it’s partly as a result of presence of extra capability elsewhere and imports dumping in India and naturally the manufacturing course of slowed down,” he stated.

• Manufacturing, which accounts for over 17 per cent of the whole Gross Worth Added (GVA) output, grew by simply 2.2 per cent in July-September as towards 7 per cent progress in April-June and 14.3 per cent progress within the corresponding interval final yr.

• Mining and quarrying appear to have been sharply hit by the prolonged rainfall because it recorded a contraction of 0.1 per cent in July-September in contrast with 7.2 per cent progress within the earlier quarter and 11.1 per cent within the year-ago interval.

• Among the many main sectors, agriculture grew 3.5 per cent in July-September as towards 2 per cent within the earlier quarter and 1.7 per cent within the year-ago interval. Building sector recorded a “excessive single digit” progress of seven.7 per cent in Q2.

• Personal remaining consumption expenditure, an indicator of consumption demand, grew by 6 per cent to Rs 24.82 lakh crore in July-September as towards 7.4 per cent progress in Q1 and a pair of.6 per cent a yr in the past.

Do You Know:

• Inflation refers back to the price at which the overall worth degree for items and providers will increase over a time frame, inflicting a lower in buying energy of cash or actual earnings. In different phrases, as inflation rises, every unit of forex should purchase fewer items and providers than earlier than.

• Rising inflation impacts the monetary well-being of households, particularly these with decrease incomes or mounted incomes. As the price of items and providers will increase, it reduces the amount of products and providers that may be bought with the identical nominal earnings, thereby affecting households’ price of dwelling.

• There are completely different strategies for measuring inflation akin to Shopper Value Index (CPI), Wholesale Value Index (WPI), GDP deflator, Producer Value Index (PPI), and wage inflation, with every specializing in a selected side of worth adjustments.

Different Vital Articles Protecting the identical subject:

📍‘Weak industrial exercise, sluggish city consumption might drag Q2 GDP to a six-quarter low’

📍How inflation impacts price of dwelling

Earlier yr UPSC Prelims Query Protecting related theme:

(1) Contemplate the next statements : (UPSC CSE 2017)

1. Tax income as a p.c of GDP of India has steadily elevated within the final decade.

2. Fiscal deficit as a p.c of GDP of India has steadily elevated within the final decade.

Which of the statements given above is/are right ?

(a) 1 solely

(b) 2 solely

(c) Each 1 and a pair of

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Earlier yr UPSC Mains Query Protecting related theme:

Clarify the distinction between computing methodology of India’s Gross Home Product (GDP) earlier than the yr 2015 and after the yr 2015. (UPSC CSE 2021)

THE IDEAS PAGE

All over the place the identical smog

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Common points on Environmental Ecology, Biodiversity and Local weather Change – that don’t require topic specialisation

Mains Examination: Common Research-III: Conservation, environmental air pollution and degradation, environmental influence evaluation

What’s the continuing story: Vikram Patel writes: India’s capital is within the information once more for all of the flawed causes: Its deadly ranges of air air pollution. Simply after we thought it couldn’t worsen, it did. Air high quality reached “extreme plus” ranges, with air pollution readings as much as 50 instances greater than the World Well being Organisation’s protected restrict.

Key Factors to Ponder:

• What are the explanations for air pollution in Delhi?

• What are the measures adopted by the federal government to fight air air pollution?

• How far is stubble burning answerable for Delhi’s air air pollution?

• What are the impacts of air air pollution on human well being?

• What are the constituents of air air pollution?

• What are the long-term initiatives that should be taken to curb air air pollution?

Key Takeaways:

• The air air pollution smothering the entire of north India has profound implications for the nation. Air air pollution is a number one threat issue for untimely mortality and is estimated to trigger two million deaths annually in India alone; the growing threat of long-term situations, from impairing mind growth to lung and coronary heart illnesses is incalculable.

• Furthermore, other than sickening and shortening the lives of a 3rd of India’s inhabitants, air pollution will finally derail our efforts to attain the Sustainable Growth Targets. We additionally know the first drivers of pollution, notably industrial and vehicular emissions, agricultural waste burning, and the usage of coal and firewood use for cooking and heating.

• Whereas the cooling of air as winter units in is a significant component in trapping these pollution near the bottom, winter is hardly guilty for what’s, primarily, a man-made catastrophe.

• Importantly, there are identified insurance policies to scale back, and even remove, these drivers, akin to enabling LPG for all households, imposing laws on the constructing business and massively slicing down on fossil-fuel vitality.

• What is really scary shouldn’t be that all-time world information of air air pollution are being damaged however that this story is sort of a caught file, replaying precisely the identical tune with a depressingly acquainted cadence, yr after yr.

• The elephant within the room, it appears to me, is the belief that air air pollution, and different environmental challenges like depletion of water assets and local weather change, are purely native points.

• Air air pollution, then, is a shared problem of the whole Subcontinent and tackling it presents a novel alternative to construct bridges throughout the troubled waters between South Asian neighbours. Governments should put aside, even when just for a second, the historic conflicts which cloud {our relationships}, and work in tandem to quickly deal with probably the most alarming problem to the well being and growth of the whole area.

Do You Know:

• In accordance with the Central Air pollution Management Board, a part of the Ministry of Atmosphere, Forests, and Local weather Change, the AQI transforms advanced air high quality knowledge of varied pollution right into a single quantity (index worth), nomenclature, and color. The pollution measured embody PM 10, PM 2.5, Nitrogen Dioxide, Ozone, Carbon, and so forth.

• There are six classes of AQI, particularly ‘Good’ (0-50), ‘Passable’ (51-100), ‘Reasonably polluted’ (101-200), ‘Poor’ (201-300), ‘Very Poor’ (301-400), and ‘Extreme’ (401-500).

• AQI was launched by the central authorities in 2014 as a part of the Swachh Bharat marketing campaign to assist simplify the frequent understanding of air pollution. An knowledgeable group comprising medical professionals, air high quality specialists, academia, advocacy teams, and others was constituted and a technical research was awarded to IIT Kanpur. IIT Kanpur and the Professional Group really helpful an AQI scheme.

• PM10 and PM2.5 pollution are extraordinarily high quality particulate matter (PM) particles, with the digits accompanying them referring to their diameter. So, PM 10 and PM 2.5 are smaller than 10 and a pair of.5 microns of their diameter, respectively. The finer the particles are, the harder it will get to guard oneself from them.

Different Vital Articles Protecting the identical subject:

📍UPSC Concern at a Look | Air Air pollution: 4 Key Questions You Should Know for Prelims and Mains

📍Information Nugget of the day: Graded Response Motion Plan (GRAP)

Earlier yr UPSC Prelims Query Protecting related theme:

(2) Within the cities of our nation, which among the many following atmospheric gases are usually thought-about in calculating the worth of Air High quality Index? (UPSC CSE 2016)

1. Carbon dioxide

2. Carbon monoxide

3. Nitrogen dioxide

4. Sulfur dioxide

5. Methane

Choose the right reply utilizing the code given under:

(a) 1, 2 and three solely

(b) 2, 3 and 4 solely

(c) 1, 4 and 5 solely

(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

EXPRESS NETWORK

Financial elements, cultural reverence behind human-lion coexistence in Gujarat: Research

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide and worldwide significance

Mains Examination: Common Research-III: Conservation, environmental air pollution and degradation, environmental influence evaluation.

What’s the continuing story: Asiatic Lions – whose whole inhabitants numbering 674 is in Gujarat – co-exist with people by means of mutual adaptation, enforced authorized safety, financial drivers, and authorities compensation for livestock, amongst others, revealed new analysis launched Thursday.

Key Factors to Ponder:

• What do you perceive by human-animal battle?

• How are Asiatic lions completely different from different lions?

• What’s the conservation standing of the Asiatic lions?

• What are the methods adopted by the federal government to mitigate human-animal battle?

• Location: Gir Nationwide Park

Key Takeaways:

• Analysing knowledge on over 14,000 livestock depredations and 11,000 compensation claims, assaults on people, and surveys throughout 277 villages, the analysis tried to seek out out the explanations behind human-lion co-existence. It was discovered that financial drivers, akin to earnings from regulated and unregulated wildlife tourism on non-public lands, and sociocultural acceptance, had been key drivers for greater tolerance of the predator amongst people.

• As per the research, regulated tourism occurs in and round protected areas akin to Gir Nationwide Park whereas there’s unregulated tourism on non-public land and this additionally contains providing livestock as bait, illegally.

• Lions, however, have benefitted on two key counts. With higher human acceptance, they’ll transfer round exterior Gir’s protected areas. Second, owing to authorized and cultural practices, outdated cattle are deserted, which types an enormous chunk of the large cat’s food regimen within the type of outdated livestock or carrion.

• This co-existence, although, is delicately poised, the analysis discovered, and conservation administration interventions are essential to mitigate battle and shield lions too. Since financial drivers performed an essential function in co-existence, the researchers really helpful that the livestock compensation scheme ought to be revised usually to make it at par with market values and stated {that a} livestock insurance coverage scheme ought to be explored.

• Gujarat is the one residence of the Asiatic Lions and calls to partially transfer them exterior the state, together with orders of the Supreme Courtroom, haven’t been carried out.

• To scale back assaults on people and livestock, the research prescribed that lion prides in threat hotspots ought to be monitored proactively, utilizing radio collars which have digital geofences that may set off warning indicators. This, the research stated, can pre-empt lion motion and mitigate unfavourable human-lion interactions.

• On the outset, the researchers had hypothesized that folks dealing with greater conflicts with lions can be much less tolerant in the direction of them. Nonetheless, a survey of 1,424 individuals from 277 villages revealed that folks belonging to “high-and moderate-conflict villages” had been extra tolerant of lions than villages with no battle.

• Amreli district noticed the most important livestock loss of life claims, adopted by Junagadh, Gir Somnath, and Bhavnagar. Many of the livestock had been killed exterior the legally protected areas (91 per cent) and cattle, adopted by goats, sheep, and buffalo had been probably the most killed livestock, as per the research.

Do You Know:

• Co-adaptation refers back to the concept of individuals and animals modifying their very own behaviour to navigate the presence of each other. In India, individuals have traditionally co-adapted with wildlife by means of varied mechanisms, be it cultural, behavioural or societal. For example, species akin to elephants, tigers, snakes, and even crocodiles are an intricate a part of our folklore, tradition, and faith.

• Species akin to leopards, wild pigs, and elephants have tailored to human-modified landscapes by means of anthropogenic meals, shared habitats and/or studying to navigate human actions. For example, regardless of the excessive pressures of growth and land-use change, India nonetheless harbours 65 per cent of all wild Asian elephants with 75-80 per cent of their vary being exterior our nationwide parks and wildlife sanctuaries.

Different Vital Articles Protecting the identical subject:

📍How we will keep away from human-animal conflicts

Earlier yr UPSC Prelims Query Protecting related theme:

(3) Contemplate the next statements: (UPSC CSE 2019)

(a) 1 solely

(b) 2 solely

(c) 1 and three solely

(d) 1, 2 and three

EXPLAINED

What’s Odisha’s proposed anti-cheating legislation?

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide and worldwide significance

Mains Examination: Common Research-II: Authorities insurance policies and interventions for growth in varied sectors and points arising out of their design and implementation.